Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following:
遺伝子改変ブタの肺を脳死男性に移植、9日間機能 中国
2025.08.27 Wed posted at 17:01 JST
(CNN) 遺伝子を改変したブタの肺が脳死状態の男性に移植され、9日間機能したことが分かった。新たに発表された報告書で明らかになった。
近年、ブタの腎臓や心臓を人間に移植する試みはいくつか成功しているが、ブタの肺を人間に移植する試みはこれが初めてとみられる。医師たちは将来、臓器を必要とする人々にとってこれが選択肢となることを期待しているが、専門家はすぐには実現しないと指摘している。
ヒトからヒトへの移植、あるいは動物からヒトへの移植(異種移植とも呼ばれる)では、医師は感染や拒絶反応を注意深く監視する。
患者は感染と拒絶反応のリスクを軽減するため、複数の薬剤を投与された。肺自体にも6回の遺伝子編集が施され、ドナーのブタは生涯を通じて極めて清潔で厳格に管理された区域で飼育されていた。
この研究で、研究者らは移植後すぐに拒絶反応の兆候は見られなかったものの、わずか1日後には問題が生じたと報告している。
具体的には男性の体全体に広範囲に腫れが生じ、組織内に体液が蓄積した。これは血流障害が原因と考えられる。肺は呼吸を助けるだけでなく、血液循環にも重要な役割を果たしている。
移植後数日で部分的に回復の兆しは見られたものの、あらゆる予防措置にもかかわらず、医師らは男性の体が臓器を拒絶し始めている兆候を確認した。
「この研究はブタからヒトへの肺の異種移植の実現可能性を実証するものの、臓器の拒絶反応と感染に関する大きな課題は依然として残っている」と、研究者らは新たな研究論文の中で述べている。その上で、この処置を臨床試験で再度実施する前に、さらなる研究が必要だと結論付けた。
世界には臓器移植の莫大(ばくだい)な需要がある。米国だけでも、2023年にはすべての臓器移植の待機リストが、完了した移植件数の2倍に達していた。
昨年、米国では4万8000件以上の移植手術が行われたが、待機リストに登録されている人は10万3000人以上に上る。連邦保健資源事業局(HRSA)によると、米国では毎日約13人が移植を待つ間に亡くなっている。
これまでのところ最も成功したのは米マサチューセッツ州の男性で、今年1月にマサチューセッツ総合病院で遺伝子改変ブタの腎臓を移植され、現在も生きている。
ニューヨーク大学ランゴーン移植研究所に籍を置く移植外科医、アダム・グリースマー博士は、今回ブタの肺が機能した日数の短さに触れつつ、肺移植の成功に向けた一段の研究の重要性を強調した。
Translation
In China a genetically modified pig lung transplanted
into a brain-dead man and functioned for nine days
While there had been several successful attempts to transplant pig kidneys and hearts into humans in recent years, this was believed to be the first attempt to transplant a pig lung into human. Doctors hoped this could become an option for people in need of organs in the future, but experts warned that it won't happen anytime soon.
Researchers at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University in China, without identifying the patient in the study, described him as a 39-year-old man who had been diagnosed with brain death due to a cerebral hemorrhage. Doctors transplanted a pig lung with the man's family's consent. The results of the study were published in Nature Medicine on the 25th.
During human-to-human or animal-to-human transplants (also
known as xenotransplants), doctors closely monitored for infection and
rejection.
The patient received multiple medications to reduce the risk of infection and rejection. The lung itself underwent six gene edits, and the donor pig was kept in an extremely clean, strictly controlled area throughout it live.
In this study, researchers reported that while there were no signs of rejection immediately after the transplant, it was reported that problems arose just one day later.
Specifically, the man experienced widespread swelling throughout his body and fluid accumulation in his tissues, this was likely due to impaired blood flow. Lungs not only helped with breathing but also played a vital role in blood circulation.
Although he showed signs of partial recovery a few days after the transplant, despite all precautions, doctors observed signs that his body was beginning to reject the organ.
At the request of the man's family, doctors stopped the experiment.
"While this study demonstrates the feasibility of pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation, significant challenges related to organ rejection and infection remain," the researchers wrote in their new study. Furthermore, they concluded that further research was needed before the procedure would be repeated in clinical trials.
There was a huge global demand for organ transplants. In the United States alone, in 2023 the waiting list for all organ transplants was twice the number of completed transplants.
Last year, more than 48,000 transplant surgeries were performed in the United States, with more than 103,000 people on the waiting list. According to the federal Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), approximately 13 people die each day in the United States while waiting for a transplant.
Pig valves had been transplanted into humans for the past 30 years. While organ transplants were more complex, doctors had seen limited success with genetically modified pig hearts and kidneys. Transplants of genetically modified pig livers had also been attempted, but the success rate remained low, at least for the time being.
The most successful case to date was a Massachusetts man who
received a kidney from a genetically modified pig at Massachusetts General
Hospital in January of this year and was still alive.
Dr. Adam Griesmer, a transplant surgeon at New York
University's Langone Transplant Institute, while mentioning the short period of
time the pig's lungs functioned in this case, emphasized the importance of
further research for successful lung transplants.
So, in China a genetically
modified pig lung was transplanted into a brain-dead man and functioned for
nine days. Apparently, while this study demonstrates the feasibility of
pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation, significant challenges related to organ
rejection and infection remain and further research is needed in order to be
successful.
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