2020年11月28日 星期六

High-speed transportation system "Hyperloop”: conducts its first manned test

 Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following:

高速輸送システム「ハイパーループ」、初の有人試験を実施

2020.11.10 Tue posted at 12:44 JST

ワシントンDC(CNN Business) ヴァージン・ハイパーループが開発を進める高速輸送システム「ハイパーループ」が米ネバダ州ラスベガスで初の有人による試験運用を実施した。商用化に向けた大きな節目となった。

ハイパーループはまだ実証されていない輸送システムで、乗り物に乗った利用者は真空のチューブの中を最高時速600マイル(約965キロ)で移動する。このシステムには磁気浮上などの技術が使われている。

今回の試験運用では時速100マイルまでの到達となった。軌道が500メートルの長さしかなかったためで、速度が制限された。

それでも、ヴァージン・ハイパーループの幹部は今回の試験を大きな節目であり、商用化に向けた前進とみている。

最初の試験運用には同社の幹部2人が搭乗した。2人乗りの乗り物でシートベルト、シート、小さな窓がついている。

同社幹部はCNN Businessの取材に対し、ハイパーループは航空機の速度で移動できるが、エネルギー消費はわずかだと述べた。

ハイパーループは各都市を結ぶことを想定している。将来的には乗り物には25~30人が搭乗し、1時間あたり数万人を輸送することを目指している。

同幹部はハイパーループのシステムは2025年か26年には承認を受け、10年以内にプロジェクトを実現するとの見通しを示した。

だが、ハイパーループに興味を示しているのはヴァージン・ハイパーループだけではない。テスラやスペースXのイーロン・マスク最高経営責任者(CEO)も13年に同様の構想を発表。17年には首都ワシントンとニューヨークを結ぶトンネル建設の口頭の承認を政府から得たと発言したが、環境評価で時間がかかり完成時期の見通しが明らかとなっていない。このトンネルは両都市を29分で結ぶことを目指している。

また、マスク氏のベンチャー企業「ボーリング・カンパニー」は都市の地下でのトンネル建設に注力。トンネルの真空化は必要とせず、テスラの車に乗ったままハイパーループより低い速度で移動するサービスを目指している。同社もラスベガスに「ループ」と呼ばれるシステムを建設中。

Translation

Washington DC (CNN Business) The high-speed transportation system "Hyperloop" developed by Virgin Hyperloop had conducted its first manned trial operation in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. It was a major milestone for its commercialization.

Hyperloop up to now was an unproven transportation system in which passengers in a mobile machine would travel at speeds of up to 600 miles per hour inside a vacuum tube. This system used techniques such as magnetic levitation.

In this test operation, the speed reached 100 mph. The speed was limited because the track was only 500 meters long.

Yet, Virgin Hyperloop executives perceived the test as a major milestone and a step towards commercialization.

Two executives of the company boarded the first test operation. It was a two-seater vehicle with seat belts, seats and small windows.

A company executive told CNN Businesses that Hyperloop could move at the speed of the aircraft, but consumed less energy.

Hyperloop was supposed to connect cities. In the future, 25 to 30 people could be on board the vehicle and the aim was to transport tens of thousands of people per hour.

The executive said the Hyperloop system would be approved in 2025 or 26 and the project would be realized within 10 years.

But it's not just Virgin Hyperloop that was interested in Hyperloop. Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk announced a similar initiative in 2013. In 2017, he said that he had received oral approval from the government for the construction of a tunnel connecting the capital Washington and New York, but it took time to evaluate the environmental impact and the outlook for the completion date could not be made clear. This tunnel aimed at connecting the two cities in 29 minutes.

In addition, Mr. Musk's venture company "The Boring Company" was focusing on the construction of underground tunnels in cities. It did not require to make the tunnel vacuum, and the aim was for a service that moved in a Tesla car at a speed lower than Hyperloop. The company was also constructing a system called "Loop" in Las Vegas.

              So, new innovations are being tested out by  entrepreneurs in the US to deal with transportation problems.

2020年11月25日 星期三

US Moderna Corona Vaccine: "94.5% Efficacy" - Provisional Results Announced

Recently NHK News on-line reported the following

米モデルナ コロナワクチン「94.5%の有効性」暫定結果を発表

20201117 013

アメリカの製薬企業「モデルナ」は、開発中の新型コロナウイルスのワクチンについて、「94.5%の有効性がある」とする暫定的な結果を発表しました。モデルナは、効果の割合は今後、臨床試験が進むにつれて変わる可能性があるとしています。

新型コロナウイルスのワクチンを開発しているアメリカの製薬企業「モデルナ」は、アメリカのNIH=国立衛生研究所などと協力して、アメリカで最終段階となる第3段階の臨床試験を行っています。

これについてモデルナは16日、臨床試験のこれまでのデータを分析した、暫定的な結果を発表しました。

それによりますと、3万人を超える臨床試験の対象者のうち、新型コロナウイルスによる感染症になったのは95例でした。

このうち、ワクチンの接種を受けていたのは5例だったのに対し、「プラセボ」と呼ばれる偽薬の接種を受けていたのは、90例だったということで、モデルナは「ワクチンの有効性は94.5%だった」としています。

また重症化したケースも11例ありましたが、いずれもプラセボの接種を受けたグループでワクチンを接種したグループにはいなかったとしています。

モデルナは、ワクチンの接種を受けた人に重大な安全上の懸念は報告されていないとしていますが、2度目の接種後に9.7%の人にけん怠感、8.9%の人に筋肉の痛み、5.2%の人に関節痛、4.5%の人に頭痛がみられたなどとしています。

モデルナは、効果についての評価は試験が進むにつれて変わる可能性があるとしているほか、今後、臨床試験の結果を審査が必要な科学雑誌に投稿するとしています。

またモデルナは、近くFDA=アメリカ食品医薬品局に対し、緊急使用の許可を申請するとしていて、供給の見通しについては、ことし中にアメリカ国内向けにおよそ2000万回分を出荷できるとしているほか、来年には全世界に向けて5億回から10億回分を生産できるとしています。

日本政府もモデルナから2500万人分のワクチンの供給を受ける契約で、このうち2000万人分が来年1月から6月までに供給されることになっています。

効果の評価法と暫定結果

今回分析の対象となった第3段階の臨床試験には、3万人を超える人が参加しています。

モデルナによりますと、参加者は開発中のワクチンか、このワクチンとは別のプラセボと呼ばれる偽薬をそれぞれ2回接種されます。

そして2回目の接種後、新型コロナウイルスによる感染症になった人を調べ、ワクチンを接種した人と偽薬を接種した人が、それぞれどの程度いるのかをみてワクチンの有効性を調べるということです。

今回、新型コロナウイルスによる感染症と確認されたのは、95例でこのうちワクチンを接種したケースは5例、偽薬を接種したケースは90例で、その割合を調べた結果、モデルナはワクチンの有効性は94.5%だったとしています。

Translation

American pharmaceutical company Moderna announced the tentative results of its vaccine development and said that it was "94.5% effective" for the new coronavirus. Moderna said the percentage of efficacy might change as clinical trials progressed.

The American pharmaceutical company "Moderna", which was developing vaccines for the new coronavirus, in cooperation with the US’s NIH = National Institutes of Health was conducting the final stage of clinical trials in the United States

On the 16th, Moderna announced the preliminary results of analyzing the data of clinical trials so far.

According to the report, of the more than 30,000 clinical trial subjects, 95 were infected with the new coronavirus.

Among the testes, when comparing to 5 infections in a vaccinated group, there were 90 infection cases among those vaccinated with a substance that had no therapeutic effect, the so called "placebo". Moderna said that the "Vaccination efficacy was 94.5%. "

Also, there were 11 cases of severe illness, and it was said that they all had placebo injection; and none of them were from the group that received the vaccine injection.

Moderna said while there were no serious safety concerns being been reported regarding the vaccinated people, yet after the second vaccination, it was said that 9.7% had a sense of fatigue, 8.9% had muscle pain, 5.2% had joint pain and 4.5% had headache.

Moderna said that assessments of efficacy might change as the trial progressed, and that clinical trial results that needed to be reviewed would be posted in future scientific journals.

In addition, Moderna said that it might soon apply to the FDA = US Food and Drug Administration for an emergency use permit; and regarding the supply outlook, it would be able to ship about 20 million batches to the United States this year, and capable of producing 500 million to 1 billion doses worldwide next year.

The Japanese government had also contracted to receive vaccines for 25 million people from Moderna, of which 20 million could be supplied from January to June next year.

Evaluation method of effect and provisional result

More than 30,000 people had participated in the third-stage clinical trials now being analyzed.

According to Moderna, participants were injected twice with a vaccine under development, or separately with a placebo.

Then, after the second vaccination, the people who have been infected with the new coronavirus were studied, and the effectiveness of the vaccine was checked by seeing how many people had vaccine injection and how many had been injected with a placebo.

This time, 95 cases were confirmed to be infected with the new coronavirus, of which 5 had vaccine injection and 90 had placebo injection. As a result of examining this ratio, it was said that the effectiveness of Moderna vaccine was 94.5%.

              So, in the western world, it is another good news in a research for the vaccine that could deal with Covid-19. For an earlier CNN news report on how "Moderna" was developing vaccines for the new coronavirus, please see my blog dated 29th August 2020.

2020年11月24日 星期二

A US survey - New corona-infected people: had health and financial difficulties even after discharge

Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following:

新型コロナ感染者、退院後も健康面や経済面で苦慮 米調査

2020.11.16 Mon posted at 17:01 JST

 (CNN) 新型コロナウイルスに感染した人は回復して退院した後も健康面や経済面で厳しい状態に直面する可能性が高いことがわかった。米ミシガン州での調査結果が医学誌に発表された。

ミシガン大学ヘルスシステムの研究者が、新型コロナウイルスに感染してミシガン州で治療を受けた患者488人について調べた。研究では3月16日~7月1日に退院した患者を退院から約2カ月後に調査した。

退院した人のうち3分の1がせきや味覚や嗅覚(きゅうかく)の持続的な喪失などの健康問題が続いていると報告した。

約半数が精神的な影響が出たとしたほか、28人は退院後に心の健康状態について治療を求めたと明らかにした。

36%が入院によって少なくとも軽度な財政的な打撃を受けたと報告した。発症前に働いていた人のうち40%は職を失ったり、復職できないほど健康状態が悪化したりした。復職した人のうち4分の1は、勤務時間を減らしたり業務を変更したりしたという。

研究は、今回のデータによって、新型コロナウイルスによる打撃は入院期間のはるか先にも及んでいることが確認されたと指摘した。

今回の研究には限界もあった。調査できたのは退院後60日の時点で生存している追跡対象の患者のうち41.8%にとどまった。調査は電話で3回以上コンタクトをする方法で実施された。

Translation

(CNN) It ​​was found that people infected with the new coronavirus were likely to face severe health and financial conditions even after recovering and discharged from the hospital. The results of a survey in Michigan of the USA were published in a medical journal.

Researchers at the University of Michigan Health System examined 488 patients who were infected with the new coronavirus and treated in Michigan. The study investigated patients discharged from March 16th to July 1st, and were about two months after being discharged.

One-third of those discharged reported that they continued to have health problems such as coughing and persistent loss of taste and smell.

Approximately half said they had psychological consequences, and 28 people said they sought treatment for their mental health after discharge.

Thirty-six percent reported that the hospitalization had been at least a minor financial blow. Forty percent of those who worked before the infection lost their jobs, or their health deteriorated beyond their ability to return to work. A quarter of those who returned to work said they reduced their working hours or changed their jobs.

The study noted that the data confirmed that the impact of the new coronavirus extended far beyond the hospital stay.

There were limits to this study. Only 41.8% of the follow-up patients alive 60 days after discharge were able to be investigated. The survey was conducted by contacting at least three times by telephone.

              I think the situation of the discharged patients in the US will be the same as those in the rest of the world. It is worth noting that the impact of the new coronavirus extends far beyond hospital stays. So, remember to follow the health guidelines given by the government so as to prevent COVID -19 infections.

2020年11月23日 星期一

為香港電台製作元朗襲擊紀錄片的香港記者因搜索數據庫被正式檢控

Recently the South China Morning Post reported the following:

Hong Kong journalist who produced Yuen Long attack documentary for RTHK formally charged over database search

Brian Wong

Mon., November 9, 2020, 11:49 p.m. PST·2 min read

A freelance journalist who produced a documentary for Hong Kong’s public broadcaster about last year’s Yuen Long mob attack has been charged with making false declarations after citing “traffic and transport-related matters” as her purpose in searching car ownership details on a government database.

Bao Choy Yuk-ling appeared on Tuesday at Fanling Court, where she was charged with violating a provision in the Road Traffic Ordinance. A guilty verdict could land her behind bars for up to six months.

The prosecution alleged the 37-year-old, who co-produced an episode of the RTHK television show Hong Kong Connection about the controversial July 21 incident, knowingly made false statements to the Transport Department on May 17 and June 10.

Choy had sought access to what is officially known as a “certificate of particulars of motor vehicle”, allowing her to obtain the personal details of car owners, including their names, addresses and identity card numbers.

Applicants need to declare their purposes for seeking the information, but can only choose from one of three available options on the department’s webpage: “legal proceedings”, “sale and purchase of vehicles”, and “other traffic and transport related matters”.

Choy was said to have ticked the box indicating she would use the information for the third purpose, which the prosecution alleged was not her true intent.

Choy was not required to enter a plea at Tuesday’s hearing, as the prosecution asked the court for extra time to allow police to complete their investigation and finalise details of the allegations.

Principal Magistrate Don So Man-lung granted Choy bail of HK$1,000 until the next hearing on January 14.

Knowingly making a false statement is punishable by six months in jail and a HK$5,000 fine under the Road Traffic Ordinance.

Translation

一位為香港的公共廣播公司製作關於去年元朗暴徒襲擊的紀錄片的自由撰稿人,被指控以聲明“交通和運輸相關事項”為理, 在政府數據庫中搜索汽車所有權詳細信息,是做出了虛假聲明

蔡玉玲星期二在粉嶺法院出庭,被控違反《道路交通條例》的規定。一項有罪的判決可能使被監禁長達六個月。

檢方指控現年37的她, 在聯合製作了一部香港電台電視節目《香港連線》中有關該有爭議的721日事件的一集,故意517日和610日向運輸署作了虛假陳述。

蔡玉玲進入正式稱為“車輛詳細信息的證明” 網頁,以便獲得車主的個人詳細信息,包括車主姓名,其地址和身份證號碼。

申請人需要聲明其尋求信息的目的,但只能從部門網頁上的三個可用選項之一中進行選擇:“法律訴訟”,“買賣車輛”和“其他與交通有關的事項”。

蔡玉玲在因為在第三目的而使用該信息的方框中打了勾以作出表示,但檢方指這並不是她的真實意圖。

由於控檢方要求法庭留出更多時間讓警方完成調並最終確定指控的細節,因此蔡玉玲無需在周二的法庭上提出辯訴。

首席裁判官蘇文隆 (Don So Man-lung)準許蔡玉玲以$ 1,000保釋,直到114日下一次聆訊為止。

根據《道路交通條例》,明知而作虛假陳述將被判處六個月監禁和罰款5,000港元。

              So, it is the first time for the Hong Kong government tries to use the Road Traffic Ordinance to charge a reporter for seeking information on the personal details of car owners, including their names, addresses and identity card numbers. A sense of tighten legal control in Hong Kong can be felt easily in these days.

2020年11月20日 星期五

Pfizer announces new corona vaccine - "has more than 90% preventive effect"

Recently NHK New on-line reported the following:

ファイザー 新型コロナ ワクチン「90%超の予防効果」と発表

2020119 2331

アメリカの製薬大手「ファイザー」は、開発中の新型コロナウイルスワクチンの臨床試験について、「90%を超える予防効果がある」とする暫定的な結果を発表しました。

アメリカの製薬大手「ファイザー」がドイツの企業「ビオンテック」と開発しているワクチンはアメリカをはじめとした各国で最終段階となる臨床試験を行っています。

これについてファイザーは9日、外部の独立した委員会が臨床試験のデータを分析した、暫定的な結果を発表しました。

それによりますと、臨床試験の対象となった43538人のうち、新型コロナウイルスの感染が確認されたのは94例でした。

そして、実際にワクチンを接種した人としなかった人を比較して分析した結果、予防の効果は90%を超えるとみられるとしています。

また、接種した人に深刻な健康への影響はみられなかったということです。

ファイザーは試験はまだ進行中で、予防効果の数値は今後、変わる可能性があるとしながらも、安全性のデータがそろう11月第3週以降、FDA=アメリカ食品医薬品局に対し、緊急使用の許可を申請するとしています。

ワクチン供給の見通しについてファイザーは年内に5000万回分、来年には最大13億回分を生産できるとしていて、日本政府も来年6月末までに、6000万人分の供給を受けることで基本合意しています。

Translation

Pfizer, a major American pharmaceutical company, announced provisional results regarding a clinical trial of a new coronavirus vaccine under development, saying that “it has a preventive effect of more than 90%.”

The vaccine was being developed by the American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer with a German company BioNTech, and  final clinical trials in the United States and other countries were being held.

On the 9th, Pfizer released preliminary results of an independent external committee that analyzed clinical trial data.

According to the report, out of 43,538 people in clinical trials, 94 cases were confirmed to be infected with the new coronavirus.

And, as a result of comparing and analyzing those who actually received the vaccine and those who did not, the preventive effect was estimated to exceed 90%.

Also, it was  said that there was no serious health effects on the vaccinated people.

Pfizer said that  trials were still underway and the immunization efficacy figures might change in the future, but after the third week of November when a complete set of safety data was available, it would apply to FDA = US Food and Drug Administration for permission for its emergency use.

Regarding the outlook for vaccine supply Pfizer said it could be able to produce 50 million doses by the end of the year, and up to 1.3 billion doses next year. The Japanese government had basically agreed to receive a supply for 60 million people by the end of June next year.

              So, after months of waiting, it is the first good news on the results regarding clinical trials of the new coronavirus vaccine that are under development by different countries in the western world. We are seeing the end of the tunnel in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, hopefully.

2020年11月18日 星期三

Virus mutation at mink farms - in Denmark 17 million minks killed in total

Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following:

ミンク農場でウイルス変異、デンマーク国内の全1700万匹を殺処分

2020.11.06 Fri posted at 11:14 JST

(CNN) 世界最大のミンク毛皮生産国デンマークで新型コロナウイルスの変異種が確認され、感染拡大を食い止めるために国内で飼育されている全ミンクを殺処分することになった。

フレデリクセン首相は4日、衛生当局の勧告に基づく必要な措置だったと強調、「ウイルスがミンクで変異した。変異したウイルスは人にも感染している」と説明した。

同国の感染症対策機関によると、ミンク農場で変異したウイルスの症例5例が見つかり、抗体に対する反応が低下した人の症例が12例確認された。このまま同ウイルスの感染が拡大すれば、ワクチンの効果が限られる事態も予想される。

「変異が見つかった以上、われわれには世界に対する多大な責任がある」と首相は強調した。

当局によると、デンマーク国内のミンクの数は1500万~1700万匹。6月以来、感染したミンクの殺処分が繰り返されてきたが、ミンク農場での感染拡大を食い止めることはできなかった。

10月には感染が確認された農場や感染の疑いのある農場から半径8.4キロ以内の範囲で、ミンク100万匹が殺処分されていた。フレデリクセン首相は、警察や軍なども動員して殺処分を急ぐと説明している。

ミンクはオランダやスペインでも感染が判明して殺処分が行われている。

フレデリクセン首相は、一部地域で変異ウイルスの感染拡大を防ぐために新たな規制を導入すると発表し、「そうした地域の住民は近い将来、さらなる規制に備えなければならない」と語った。

Translation

(CNN) A mutation of the new coronavirus had been confirmed in Denmark which was the world's largest producer of mink fur, and all minks bred in the country would be slaughtered to stop the spread of the infection.

Prime minister Frederiksen stressed on the 4th that "The virus has mutated in mink. The mutated virus has also infected humans", and said that it was a necessary to take steps based on the recommendations of the health authorities.

According to the infectious disease control agency in the country, 5 cases of the mutated virus were found on the mink farms, and 12 cases of people with declining response to the antibody were confirmed. If the infection of the virus continued to spread, the effectiveness of the vaccine was expected to be limited.

The prime minister emphasized that "Since mutation is found, we have a great deal of responsibility for the world".

According to the authorities, the number of minks in Denmark was from 15 to 17 million. The slaughter of infected minks had been carried out repeatedly since June, but the spread of the infection on mink farms could not be stopped.

In October, one million minks were slaughtered within a radius of 8.4 kilometers from farms with confirmed or suspected infections. Prime Minister Frederiksen explained that police and the military would also be mobilized to hasten the slaughter.

In the Netherlands and Spain minks had also been found infected and slaughtered.

Prime Minister Frederiksen announced that he would introduce new regulations in some areas to prevent the spread of the mutant virus, saying that "people in those areas will have to prepare for further regulations in the near future."

              So, Denmark is doing good job that a responsible government should do: to stop the spreading of mutated virus.

2020年11月15日 星期日

Customs clearance of Australian lobster delayed in China - friction intensified

 Recently NHK News On-line reported the following:

中国でオーストラリア産ロブスター通関に遅れ あつれき激化

2020112 2319

新型コロナウイルスの発生源の調査などをめぐって、中国とオーストラリアの関係が急速に冷え込む中、中国で、オーストラリア産のロブスターの通関手続きに遅れが生じていると報じられ、両国のあつれきが一段と激しさを増しています。

オーストラリアの複数のメディアは2日までに、中国向けに輸出したロブスターの通関手続きが遅れ、中国の空港で留め置かれた状態が続いていると報じました。

これについて、オーストラリアのバーミンガム貿易相は、「中国との貿易で数々の混乱が生じている。適切な対話で解決されることを強く求める」と述べ、中国政府に説明を求めました。

これに対し、中国外務省の汪文斌報道官は記者会見で、「中国の税関は、消費者の食の安全を守るために法律に基づき検査と検疫を行っている」と強調したうえで、「オーストラリアには、両国関係を一日も早く正常な軌道に戻すよう望む」と述べました。

両国をめぐっては、ことし4月、オーストラリアのモリソン首相が新型コロナウイルスの発生源を解明する独立した調査が必要だという考えを示したのに対して、中国側が強く反発し、それ以降、関係が急速に冷え込んでいます。

中国はこれまでに、オーストラリアの肉製品や大麦の輸入を規制しているほか、最近では石炭や綿花を購入しないよう国内企業に指示したと伝えられていて、両国のあつれきが一段と激しさを増しています。

Translation

As relations between China and Australia had rapidly cooled over the investigation of the source of the new coronavirus, it was reported that the customs clearance procedure for Australian lobsters had been delayed in China, and the conflict between the two countries was increasingly becoming even more intense.

On the 2nd, several Australian media reported that customs clearance for lobsters exported to China had been delayed, and were remained detained at Chinese airports.

Australia's Trade Minister Birmingham said, "There is a lot of turmoil in trade with China. I strongly urge a resolution through proper dialogue";  and had asked the Chinese government for an explanation.

In response, China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin emphasized at a press conference that "China's custom house are conducting inspections and quarantines under the law to protect the food safety of consumers."  He said that “it is hoped that Australia will return the relation of the two countries to normal as soon as possible. "

About these two countries, in April, Australia's Prime Minister Morrison expressed the idea that an independent investigation into the source of the new coronavirus was needed, but the Chinese side strongly opposed. Since then the relationship had been getting cold rapidly.

China had so far regulated the import of Australian meat products and barley, and recently it was said that it had instructed domestic companies not to buy coal or cotton, increasing the tense conflict between the two countries even more.

              So, China is using its economic power to apply pressure on Australia. The same approach has been used by China towards Canada in the past few years.

2020年11月14日 星期六

U.S. Special Forces Rescued American Hostage in Nigeria

Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following:

米軍特殊部隊、ナイジェリアで米国人の人質を救出

2020.11.01 Sun posted at 15:17 JST

(CNN) 米国防総省は10月31日、米軍特殊部隊がナイジェリア北部で武装集団に拉致されていた米国人の人質救出作戦を同日未明に実施し、成功させたと発表した。

拉致は隣国ニジェールで先週起き、米国人はその後、ナイジェリア北部へ移されていた。ニジェールなどの地元メディアはこの米国人は男性の宣教師と伝えていた。

地元メディアなどは拉致が発生した地域の知事の発言を引用し、AK47型自動小銃で武装した実行犯は6人で、オートバイに乗りナイジェリア国境近くの村落にある米国人の居住先に出現したと報道。金銭を要求した後、米国人をナイジェリア方面へ連れ去ったという。

米国防総省のホフマン報道官は声明で、助け出された米国人は米国務省の保護下にあるとした。作戦に加わった米軍兵士に負傷者はいなかったとも述べた。

今回の作戦の経緯に通じる米政府当局者はCNNの取材に、人質の奪還は米海軍特殊部隊SEALのチーム6が実行し、任務は数時間続いたと説明。拉致の実行犯7人のうち6人を殺害したという。

周辺地域で活動するいかなるテロ組織ともつながりがないとみられるとし、身代金目的の犯行の可能性があるとした。

Translation

(CNN) On October 31st, the Pentagon announced that on the same day a US special force had successfully carried out a hostage rescue operation for an American who had been abducted by armed groups in northern Nigeria.

The abduction took place last week in neighboring Niger, and the American was subsequently transferred to northern Nigeria. Local media such as Niger etc. reported that the American was a male missionary.

Local media and others, quoting the governor of the area where the abduction occurred, said that six perpetrators on motorcycles and armed with AK47 automatic rifles appeared in the American residence in a village near the Nigerian border. After demanding money, it was said that they took the American to Nigeria.

Hoffman the spokesman for the Pentagon said in a statement that the rescued American was now under the protection of the US State Department. He also said that no U.S. soldiers who participated in the operation were injured.

A U.S. government official familiar with the process of the operation explained to CNN that the recapture of the hostages was carried out by Team 6 of the U.S. Navy Seal and the mission lasted for several hours. It was said that 6 out of 7 abductees were killed.

It seemed that there was no connection with any terrorist organization operating in the surrounding area, and it could have been committed for ransom.

              So, it can be seen as a case of extraterritorial law enforcing. The presence of the American soldiers is global, for better or worse depending on one’s perspective.

2020年11月13日 星期五

“Marriage-equivalent relationship” for same-sex couples

Recently NHK New On-line reported the following:

同性カップルを“結婚相当関係”

1101日 1624

同性のカップルを結婚に相当する関係と認める「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」が1日から千葉県松戸市で始まりました。

「パートナーシップ宣誓制度」は戸籍上の性別に関わらず、同性のカップルが書類を提出して宣誓すれば“結婚に相当する関係”と認め、証明書を交付するものです。

この制度を1日から導入した松戸市では、2組の性的マイノリティーのカップルが市役所を訪れ、本郷谷健次市長から証明書を受け取りました。

証明書によって市営住宅への入居を申し込めるほか、市の総合医療センターで手術の同意書に記入できるなど一部の行政サービスについて結婚している人たちと同様の対応が取られるということです。

同じような制度の導入は全国に広がっていて、県内では千葉市に次いで2例目です。

市は今後、夫婦や家族であることを条件としている賃貸住宅の入居や、民間のさまざまなサービスの割り引きなどにも適用されるよう、企業に求めることにしています。

証明書を受け取った性的マイノリティーのカップルは「客観的に私たちの関係を証明してもらえて安心感を感じました。部屋探しをスムーズに行えるようになってほしい」と話していました。

Translation

The "Partnership Oath System", which recognized same-sex couples as having a marriage-equivalent relationship, had begun on the 1st in Matsudo City of Chiba Prefecture.

Regardless of gender on the family register, under the “Partnership Oath System” a relationship equivalent to marriage would be recognized if a couple of the same sex submitted a document and made an oath.

In Matsudo City which introduced this system from the 1st, two pairs of sexual minority couples visited the city hall and received a certificate from Mayor Kenji Hongoya.

With this certificate, in addition to being able to apply for moving into municipal housing, they could  fill out a surgery consent form at the city's general medical center, and could be treated in the same way as married people for some of the administrative services.

The introduction of a similar system was spreading all over the country, and in prefectures it was the second case after Chiba City.

From now on the city would ask companies to apply the certificate to conditions governing married couples or families regarding the moving into rental housing, and to services discounts in various private services.

A couple of sexual minorities who received the certificate said, "I was relieved that our relationship could be proved objectively. I want to be able to find a room smoothly."

              Given the fact that Japan is a relatively conservative society, this new certification system could be seen as a bold step forward in helping couples of the same sex.

2020年11月12日 星期四

A rare gold coin commemorating the assassination of Caesar won a bid for 365 million yen - record breaking

 Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following:

(Source :CNN) 

カエサル暗殺を記念した希少金貨、3億6500万円で落札 記録更新

2020.10.31 Sat posted at 13:31 JST

Harry Clarke-Ezzidio, CNN

共和政ローマ末期の将軍ユリウス・カエサルの暗殺を記念した金貨が競売にかけられ、硬貨で過去最高額となる270万ポンド(約350万ドル=3億6500万円)で落札された。

金貨は紀元前44年にカエサル暗殺を首謀したマルクス・ユニウス・ブルートゥスの肖像を描いたもの。

このほか、ブルートゥスと共謀者のカシウスが暗殺に使った短剣や、解放奴隷に与えられた自由を象徴する帽子、カエサルが死亡した3月15日を表す語句も刻まれている。

競売を手掛けた英ロンドンのオークションハウスの責任者は声明で、この金貨について「カエサル暗殺に使われた武器と実行の正確な日付、動機を提示するという比類のない権力誇示行為が見て取れる」と指摘。「あからさまに臆面もなく(暗殺を)記念したもの」と評している。

暗殺の背景には、カエサルが君主就任を狙っているというローマの政治家の見方があったとされる。

カエサルは「終身独裁官」に就任したのも束の間、そのわずか2カ月後に一部の元老院議員によって殺害された。その後ブルートゥスはフィリッピの戦いに臨むも、カエサルの後継者でおいのオクタビウスと友人のマルクス・アントニウスに敗れ、自害している。

金貨は鋳造時の状態をほぼ保っており、現存するわずか3枚のうちの1枚となっている。

これ以前に古代ローマの硬貨として最高額が付いたのは2008年、ハドリアヌス帝の銅貨が約250万ドルで落札された時のことだった。全通貨を通じての最高額は、2012年に落札された古代ギリシャの金貨の325万ドル。

Translation

A gold coin commemorating the assassination of General Julius Caesar at the end of the Roman Republic was auctioned and sold for a record £ 2.7 million (about $ 3.5 million = 365 million yen).

The gold coin depicted a portrait of Marcus Junius Brutus, who masterminded the assassination of Caesar in 44 BC.

In addition, the dagger used by Brutus and the co-conspirator Cassius to assassinate, together with a hat symbolizing the freedom given to the freedman, and the phrase representing Caesar's death on March 15th were also engraved.

The auction house manager in London of UK pointed out in a statement that "with the weapons used to assassinate Caesar, the exact date of execution, and a show of motives, an unparalleled act of showing off power can be seen"; and commented that “it's an openly unabashed (assassination) memorial".

It was said that the background of the assassination was the view of Roman politicians that Caesar was aiming to become a monarch.

Caesar was briefly appointed as a "lifetime dictator" and was killed by some senators just two months later. Brutus then went to the Battle of Philippi. He committed suicide after being defeated by Caesar's successors, Octavian and his friend Mark Antony.

The gold coin was almost in the same condition as when it was just cast, and was one of the only three existing coins.

Prior to this, the highest amount of an ancient Roman coin was reached in 2008 when Hadrian's bronze coin was sold for about $ 2.5 million. The highest amount across all currencies was $ 3.25 million, that was an ancient Greek gold coin sold in 2012.

              I am always amazed at the Roman empire (27 BC – AD 476). It was the world’s first super power. With Rome as its power center, the empire had reached as far north as England, and with Egypt to the south, Spain to east, Turkey and beyond to the west. There is the idiom that “All roads lead to Rome”. The background for this idiom is that in ancient and mediaeval times Rome was considered as the political, cultural and religious center of the European world. One of the most iconic building structure that was built by the Roman empire and could now be seen is the Colosseum in Rome of Italy to-day.

(Source: Barnes & Noble Everyday Handbooks)


2020年11月11日 星期三

US Harley - to sell electric bicycles by the first half of next year

Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following

米ハーレー、電動自転車を販売へ 来年の上半期

2020.10.31 Sat posted at 17:30 JST

ワシントンDC(CNN) 米二輪車大手「ハーレーダビッドソン」は31日までに、来年の上半期に販売予定とする電動自転車のモデルの写真を複数公開した。

米国で猛威を振るう新型コロナウイルスの影響などで本業の二輪車の販売は低迷しており、コロナ禍で人気が高まった自転車市場に進出して若年層の関心を引き寄せ、業績の回復を狙っている。

この自転車を手がけるのは新たな会社「シリアル・ワン」。ハーレーの元社員らが幹部を務めるが株所有の多数派はベンチャー投資家となる。

電動自転車の詳細はコスト面含め不明だが、CNN Businessの取材に応じた同社のブランド担当幹部によると、モーターは中央に据え、駆動用チェーンはベルト方式となる。ペダルを踏むことでモーターを作動させる技術を導入する。

速度は電動自転車に関する規則で時速約32〜約45キロにとどめる。

シリアル・ワンの本部は2カ所となり、1つは本社があるミルウォーキーに技術部門の拠点を置く。2つ目は米ユタ州ソルトレークシティーに設け、電子商取引などの業務に従事させる。消費者への直接販売を想定している。

ブランド担当幹部は、コロナ禍での自転車への需要は対人距離の一定の確保などが容易なため野外活動用などとして増大していると指摘。また、バスや列車の過密対策を避ける通勤客の交通手段として一層頼られているとした。

シリアル・ワンの社名は1900年代初期にハーレーが最初に製造したオートバイの愛称「シリアル・ナンバー・ワン」にちなむ。

ハーレーダビッドソン社の業績悪化はコロナ禍の前から表面化し、感染拡大でさらに悪化していた。今夏には社員約700人の一時解雇も迫られていた。

Translation

Washington DC (CNN) Harley-Davidson, a major US motorcycle company, on the 31st released several photos of electric bicycle models scheduled to be sold in the first half of next year.

The sales of motorcycles, which was its main business, was sluggish due to the influence of the new coronavirus that was rampant in the United States. Its aim was to attract the attention of young people in entering the bicycle market which had become popular due to the corona virus, and to recover its business performance.

The new company the "Serial One" would handle this bicycle. Former Harley employees would serve as executives, but the majority of stockowners were venture investors.

The details of the electric bicycle including its cost were unknown, but according to the company's brand executive who interviewed by CNN Business, a motor would be installed in the center and the drive chain would be a belt system. Technology was Introduced to operate the motor by stepping on a pedal.

The speed would be limited to about 32 to 45 km / h according to the rules regarding electric bicycles.

Serial One would have two headquarters, one in Milwaukee where the headquarters was located, together with a technical division. The second would be set up in Salt Lake City in Utah of the USA, and it would engage in operations such as electronic commerce. Bikes were expected to be sold directly to consumers.

An executive in charge of the brand had pointed out that during the corona crisis, the demand for bicycles increased because it was easy to secure a certain interpersonal distance in outdoor activities. Furthermore it was being relied on as a means of transportation for commuters to avoid overcrowding in buses and trains.

The company name of Serial One was named after Harley's first motorcycle, "Serial Number One" , manufactured in the early 1900s.

The deterioration of Harley-Davidson's business performance surfaced before the corona crisis, and was further exacerbated by the spread of the infection. About 700 employees were forced to be temporarily laid off this summer.

              So, if view of the poor marketing situation, famous brand names such as Harley-Davidson also has to adjust its production strategy in order to survive.

2020年11月10日 星期二

中國承諾在五年計劃中實現質量增長和科技強國

 Yahoo News recently reported the following:

China Pledges Quality Growth, Tech Powerhouse in 5-Year Plan

Bloomberg News

Bloomberg Thu., October 29, 2020, 2:20 p.m. PDT

(Bloomberg) -- China unveiled the first glimpses of its economic plans for the next five years, promising to build the nation into a technological powerhouse as it emphasized quality growth over speed.

Initial details released by the Communist Party’s Central Committee Thursday stressed the need for sustainable growth and also pledged to develop a robust domestic market. The communique published by state media following a four-day closed-door meeting didn’t specify the pace of growth policy makers would target.

The new plan elevated China’s self-reliance in technology into a national strategic pillar, a move signaled by officials from President Xi Jinping down in the lead up to the meeting. Central to that endeavor is self-reliance in chips, the building blocks for innovations from artificial intelligence to fifth-generation networking and autonomous vehicles.

Laying out their vision for the next 15 years, officials said “making major breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas, China will become a global leader in innovation,” according to the communique published by Xinhua.

Beijing’s efforts are gaining urgency as the U.S. seeks to contain the rise of its geopolitical rival. The U.S. has pressured allies to shun equipment from Huawei Technologies Co., barred dozens of China’s largest tech companies from buying American parts, and even slapped bans on ByteDance Ltd.’s TikTok and Tencent Holdings Ltd.’s WeChat.

Technology is the key now in the next area of development of China,” said Wang Huiyao, an adviser to China’s cabinet and founder of the Center for China and Globalization. “It’s a key area that China wants to give more attention, more resources and more development. I think that’s basically for China’s development in the future.”

 Growth Outlook

Unlike the last five-year plan, which sought to achieve “medium-to-high growth” in order to build a “moderately prosperous society,” this plenum had been expected to focus on the quality rather than the pace of growth. In Thursday’s statement, officials pledged to stick to a strategy of boosting domestic demand and opening up the economy over the next five years.

Even though the plan doesn’t mention a specific rate of growth for gross domestic product, analysts said the government remains ambitious in its outlook.

The leadership still expects the size of the economy, household income as well as GDP per capita to reach a ‘new milestone’ by 2035,” said Raymond Yeung, chief greater China economist at Australia and New Zealand Banking Group. “China did not abandon GDP targeting, it’s just expressed in a more subtle way.”

Yeung said the emphasis on supply-side measures that emphasize real economic activity means “China’s monetary policy will continue to be disciplined as the authorities are vigilant about financial stability.”

U.S. Tensions

The document gave a nod to the “complicated international situation,” a phrase that has become party shorthand for the “America First” policies of U.S. President Donald Trump. China will continue to pursue an open economy “at a higher level,” according to the statement.

Along with the heightened U.S. tensions, a virus-battered world economy has prompted officials in Beijing to chart a course that draws on domestic resources and consumption to guarantee growth.

While that strategy -- known as “dual circulation” -- was mentioned twice in the communique, there wasn’t any specific explanation or details of what it entails. The nation needs to “smooth the domestic circulation, facilitate dual circulation at home and abroad, comprehensively promote consumption and expand room for investment,” according to the statement.

The party’s Central Committee -- a group of some 200 top leaders -- also sketched out goals as far as 2035, pledging to see the nation’s carbon emissions peaking and starting to decline in the period while raising per capita GDP to the status of a moderately developed country.

The plans are expected to be fleshed out in coming months before approval by China’s parliament next year.

Other key highlights from the communique:

Opening Up

Officials pledged to “basically form a new system of open economy at a higher level” in the next five years. While that repeated past promises of increased foreign access, the plan puts a timetable on making progress.

China has been gradually relaxing its control over the currency and capital flows, including taking steps to liberalize the yuan following its recent appreciation.

Environment

With the world’s largest carbon footprint since 2004, China will aim to peak and then gradually lower its total emissions. The ruling party called for a significant green transformation of production and people’s lifestyles.

The Central Committee said it would seek a reasonable allocation of energy resources and improve efficiency. The world’s biggest food producer and consumer also vowed to speed up modernization of the farming industry, ensure national food security and improve agricultural quality and competitiveness.

Military

The party laid out plans for greater synchronization between economic and defense development, supporting Xi’s goal of building a world-class military by 2049. The communique called for speeding up defense modernization and to “realize the unity of a prosperous country and a strong military.”

Hong Kong, Taiwan

Reaffirming its commitment to the “peaceful development” of ties across the Taiwan Strait, the party vowed to maintain “long-term prosperity and stability” in Hong Kong and Macau. The brief readout included a line calling for the “reunification of the motherland,” whereas a similar document five years ago emphasized economic cooperation and benefits for Taiwanese residents and companies.

Translation

 (彭博社)-中國首次公開了其未來五年的經濟計劃,並承諾將中國建設成為技術強國,它強調質量多於速度。

黨中央委員會周四發布的初步細節強調了可持續增長的必要性,並承諾發展強勁的國市場。官方媒體在為期四天的閉門會議後發表的公報, 它並未明政策制定者所瞄準的增長速度。

這項新計劃將中國在技術上的自力更生變成了國家戰略支柱,從習近平主席打下的官員在會議開始前就表示了這一舉動。這項工作的核心是芯片自力更生,這是從人工智能到第五代網絡和自動駕駛汽車創新的基礎。

新華社發表的公報,官員們展望了未來15年的願景,稱“在關鍵領域的核心技術上取得重大突破,中國將成為創新的全球領導者”。

隨著美國試圖遏制其地緣政治對手的崛起,北京的努力正變得緊迫。美國向盟國施壓,要求其拒購買華為技術有限公司的設備,禁止數十家中國最大的科技公司購買美國零件,甚至禁止ByteDance Ltd.TikTokTencent Holdings Ltd.的微信。

中國閣顧問,中國與全球化中心創始人王會耀:“技術是中國下一步發展的關鍵。”這是中國希望給予更多關注,更多資源和更多發展的關鍵領域。我認為它基本上是中國未來的發展。”

增長前景

與過去的五年計劃尋求實現“中到高增長”以建立“中等繁榮的社會”不同,該全會期望側重於質量而不是增長速度。在周四的聲明中,官員們承諾​​將在未來五年堅持增加需和開放經濟的戰略。

儘管該計劃並未提及國GDP)的特定增長率,但分析師表示,政府的前景仍然雄心勃勃。

澳大利亞和新西蘭銀行集團首席大中華區經濟學家Raymond Yeung表示:“領導層仍然預計到了2035年,經濟規模,家庭收入以及人均GDP將達到一個'新的里程碑'。”中國沒有放棄國的目標,而只是以一種更加隱晦的方式表達出來。”

Raymond Yeung表示,強調側重供應方面實際經濟活動的措施意味著 “隨著當局對金融穩定保持警惕,中國的貨幣政策將繼續受到約束。”

與美國關係緊張

該文件對“複雜的國際局勢”表示了贊同,這一短句已成為美國總統唐納德·特朗普的“美國優先”政策的簡寫。聲明,中國將繼續“更高層次”地追求開放經濟。

隨著美國緊張局勢的加劇,飽受病毒打擊的世界經濟促使北京官員制定了利用國資源和消費來保證增長的路線。

儘管在公報中曾兩次提及這種稱為“雙重流通”的策略,但沒有任何具體解釋或細節。聲明,國家需要“暢通國流通,促進國外雙重流通,全面促進消費,擴大投資空間”。

中共中央 - 200名高層領導人組成的小組 - 也制定了到2035年的目標,承諾看到該國的碳排放量在此期間達到峰和開始下降,同時將人均GDP提升到發達國家的適度水平。

預計這些計劃將在未來數月得到細節充實,然後於明年獲得全國大會的批准。

公報的其他主要亮點:

對外開放

官員們承諾​​在未來五年“基本上形成更高水平的開放經濟新體系”。儘管過去曾一再承諾增加國外准入,但該計劃為進展已設定了時間表。

中國一直在逐步放鬆對貨幣和資本流動的控制,包括在近期人民幣升之後採取措施放寬匯率。

環境

中國自2004年以來已成為全球最大的碳足跡國,其未來目標是達到峰, 逐步降低其總排放量。執政黨呼籲對生和人們的生活方式進行重大的綠色變革。

中央委員會表示將尋求合理地分配能源資源和提高效率。 作為世界上最大的食品生和消費國也發誓要加快農業現代化,確保國家糧食安全並提高農業質量和競爭力。

軍事

該黨提出了在經濟與國防發展之間實現更大同步的計劃,支持習近平到2049年建立世界一流軍事力量的目標。公報呼籲加快國防現代化,並“實現富裕國家統一和強大軍事力量。

台灣香港

該黨重申對台海關係“和平發展”的承諾,誓言要在香港和澳門維持“長期繁榮與穩定”。 簡短的宣讀容包括呼籲“祖國統一”的台詞,而五年前的類似文件則強調了經濟合作和對台灣居民和企業的利益。

       So, unlike the last five-year plan which sought to achieve “medium-to-high growth”, now in order to build a “moderately prosperous society”, this plenum is expected to focus on the quality rather than the pace of growth. I sincerely hope the China could improve the living quality of its people, in particular about the health of the average people. In the recent past, China has been the source of two major contagious disease: the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and the Covid-19. China has a lot of work to do so as to prevent the out break of another pandemic.

(Note: About SARS, WHO in is web-site says that SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) – virus was identified in 2003. SARS-CoV was thought to be an animal virus from an as-yet-uncertain animal reservoir, perhaps bats, that spread to other animals (civet cats) and first infected humans in the Guangdong province of southern China in 2002.”

2020年11月9日 星期一

US Florida : A domestic cat catches a two-headed snake - a very rare one

 Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following:

飼い猫が双頭のヘビを捕獲、非常に珍しい個体 米フロリダ州

2020.10.26 Mon posted at 13:51 JST

(Source: CNN)

(CNN) 米フロリダ州パームハーバーでこのほど、飼い猫が頭の2つあるヘビを捕まえてくる出来事があった。双頭のヘビは非常に珍しい。

同州魚類野生生物研究所の専門家はCNNの取材に、「双頭のカメなら目にしたことがあるが、頭の2つあるヘビを自分の目で見たのは初めて」と語った。

双頭のヘビは専門的には1匹のヘビとみなされる。自然界で生き延びることができた可能性は低い。

同研究所はフェイスブックで、生存が難しい理由を「2つの脳がそれぞれ異なる判断を下すことで、餌を食べたり捕食者から逃げたりする能力が阻害されるため」と説明している。

このヘビはサザンブラックレーサーという種で、フロリダ州の都市部と農村部で見つかることが多いが、米東部各地にも生息する。毒はないものの、かまれると「針のように鋭い」歯で出血するとされる。

今回のヘビが2つの頭を持つ理由について、同研究所は2つの胚が分離しなかったためと説明。「珍しい現象であるが、一卵性の双子が分離できず、1つの体に2つの頭がくっついた状態になることで起きる」としている。

双頭の個体はヘビ以外にもブタやヤギ、サメなどの動物で見つかる。

今回のヘビは自然界では生きていけないため、同研究所が保護して健康状態を観察している。

ヘビは生まれてから1カ月ちょっとで、定期的に食事を取ることができている。体調が改善した段階で博物館に預けるか、見学プログラム用に提供する計画だ。

Translation

(CNN) In Palm Harbor, Florida, USA, there was a recent incident in which a domestic cat caught a snake with two heads. Double-headed snakes were extremely rare.

An expert at the State Fish and Wildlife Research Institute told CNN that "I've seen two-headed turtles, but this is the first time for me to see a two-headed snake with my own eyes."

A double-headed snake was technically considered a single snake. It is unlikely that it was able to survive in nature.

The institute on Facebook explained the reason for its survive difficulty in that "The two brains make different decisions, and that impede their ability to eat or to escape from predators."

The snake, a species of Southern Black Racer, was often found in urban and rural Florida, but also inhabited various location in eastern United States. Although it was not poisonous, when bitten, the "needle-sharp" like teeth could cause breeding.

The institute explained that the snake had two heads because the two embryos did not separate. It supposed that "It's a rare phenomenon; monozygotic twins cannot be separated, a situation that two heads are attached to one body occurs."

In addition to snakes, two-headed animals could be found in pigs, goats, and sharks.

Since this time the snake could not live in nature, the institute protected it and observed its health condition.

The snake was a little over a month old and had been able to eat regularly. It was fine to leave it in the museum to improve its physical condition; the plan was to use it to provide a tour program.

              So, according to the institute, a two-head snake is more difficulty to survive in the wilderness because its two brains may make different decisions, and this can impede its ability  to eat, or to escape from predators quick enough.