JASRAC's Policy: Music Generated by AI, Both Lyrics and Music, Does Not Earn Copyright

Recently NHK News on-line reported the following:

歌詞も曲もAIが生成した音楽「著作物に該当しない」JASRAC方針

2026年6月13日8:43

生成AI・人工知能

生成AIを利用して作られた音楽が急速に広がる中、JASRACは、単純な指示に基づいてAIが歌詞も曲も生成したものは「人間の創作的寄与が認められない作品」として、著作物に該当しないなどとするガイドラインを公表しました。

JASRAC＝日本音楽著作権協会は11日、AIを利用した作品の取り扱いに関するガイドラインをホームページで公表しました。

この中で、単純な指示に基づいてAIが歌詞も曲も生成したものについては「人間の創作的寄与が認められない作品」として著作物に該当せず管理を引き受けないとしています。

このため、こうした楽曲の作者は、JASRACに楽曲の使用料の請求や分配を委託できないということです。

一方で、単純な指示に基づいてAIが生成したのが歌詞か曲のいずれかだけの場合は、人が創作した部分のみを管理する対象として取り扱うとしています。

こうした作品を届け出る際には、どの部分をAIが生成したかを記載するよう求めていて、虚偽があった場合は法的な責任が生じるとしています。

JASRACは「生成AIが近年急速に高度化し普及が進む中、ガイドラインを公表することで、音楽制作に関わる多くのクリエーターにはAIの取り扱いや、何に創作的な価値があるのかを知ってもらいたい」とコメントしています。

Translation

JASRAC's Policy: Music Generated by AI, Both Lyrics and Music, Does Not Earn Copyright

June 13, 2026, 8:43 AM

Generative AI/Artificial Intelligence

Amidst the rapid spread of music created using generative AI, JASRAC had published guidelines stating that works where both lyrics and music were generated by AI based on simple instructions would be considered as "works that human creative contribution is not observed" and therefore did not qualify as copyrighted works.

JASRAC (Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers) published guidelines on its website on the 11th regarding the handling of works using AI.

In the guidelines, it stated that works where both lyrics and music were generated by AI based on simple instructions were considered "works where human creative contribution is not observed" and therefore do not qualify as copyrighted works, and JASRAC would not undertake management of such works.

Therefore, the authors of such songs could not entrust JASRAC with the collection and distribution of royalties for the use of their music.

On the other hand, if only either the lyrics or music were generated by AI based on simple instructions, only the human-created portion would be subject to management.

When submitting such works, creators were required to indicate which parts were generated by AI, and any false information could result in legal liability.

JASRAC commented, "As AI generation technology has become increasingly sophisticated and widespread in recent years, we hope that by publishing these guidelines, many creators involved in music production will understand how to handle AI and what has creative value."

So, in Japan, works where both lyrics and music are generated by AI based on simple instructions are considered as works with no human creative contribution and therefore will not be qualified as copyrighted works. Apparently, AI is being used in our daily activities in many respects.

First Clinical Trial of Heart Disease Treatment Using iPS Cells Conducted: Transplantation via Catheter

Recently NHK News on-line reported the following:

The catheter system used (Source: NHK)

iPS細胞使う心臓病治療の治験1例目を実施 カテーテルで移植

2026年6月12日18:19

iPS細胞

iPS細胞から作った心臓の細胞をカテーテルを使って心臓病の患者に移植する治験の1例目を行ったと、慶応大学発のベンチャー企業などが発表しました。胸を開く手術を行う必要がなく、企業は患者の負担の少ない治療につながるとしています。

これは、慶応大学発の医療ベンチャー企業と、信州大学医学部附属病院の小林秀樹助教らが12日、会見を開いて発表しました。

企業はiPS細胞から心臓の筋肉の細胞を作り球状に加工したうえで、重い心臓病の患者の足の付け根の血管から心臓までカテーテルを通して移植する新たな治療法の開発を進めています。

ことし3月、治験の1例目として「拡張型心筋症」という重い心臓病の70代の男性患者に移植を行い、これまでのところ重い合併症はなく、術後1か月の時点で心臓の機能に改善傾向が見られたということです。

企業は今後、3年間かけて合わせて14人に移植を行い、安全性や有効性を確認するということです。

ことし国に承認されたiPS細胞を使った別の心臓病の治療は胸を開く手術が必要で、企業は今回の方法は患者の負担の少ない治療につながるとしています。

小林助教は「心臓の機能の数値も改善していて他の治療ではなかなか見られないデータだ。長期的な安全性や有効性をしっかりと確認したい」と話していました。

Translation

First Clinical Trial of Heart Disease Treatment Using iPS Cells Conducted: Transplantation via Catheter

June 12, 2026, 18:19

iPS Cells

A venture company originating from Keio University and others had announced the first clinical trial of transplanting heart cells created from iPS cells into patients with heart disease, using a catheter. The company stated that it led to treatments that were less burdensome for patients as it eliminated the need for open-chest surgery.

This was announced at a press conference on June 12th by a medical venture company originating from Keio University, and Assistant Professor Hideki Kobayashi (小林秀樹) of Shinshu University Hospital.

The company was developing a new treatment method in which heart muscle cells were created from iPS cells, processed into a spherical shape, and then transplanted into the heart through a catheter from a blood vessel in the hip joint of patients who had severe heart disease.

In March of this year, the first clinical trial involved a male patient in his 70s with “dilated cardiomyopathy” which was a severe heart disease. So far, there had been no serious complications, and improvement in heart function was observed one month after the surgery.

The company planned to perform transplants on a total of 14 people over the next three years to confirm safety and effectiveness.

Another heart disease treatment using iPS cells, approved by the government this year, required open-chest surgery. The company said the new method would lead to treatment that minimized the burden on the patient.

Assistant Professor Kobayashi said, "The cardiac function values ​​have also improved, and such data are rarely seen in other treatments. We want to thoroughly confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness."

So, Japan has carried out the first clinical trial of transplanting heart cells created from iPS cells into patients using a catheter. By using a catheter, the treatment that could reduce burden on patients as it eliminates the need for open-chest surgery. This is good news for many patients with heart disease.

影片顯示中國企業兜售北韓勞工

Recently The New York Times reported the following:

Videos Show Chinese Businesses Hawking North Korean Labor

On social media, Chinese entrepreneurs are touting cheap labor across the border, as trade between the two countries regains momentum.

The NYT - By Jiawei Wang and Choe Sang-Hun - Reporting from Seoul

June 8, 2026

Quick deliveries of large orders for stuffed toys, fake eyelashes and crocheted bags that are made with cheap labor, including some workers who are on the job for 16 hours straight.

This is the pitch some Chinese businesses are making on social media to potential customers. But the products they are selling are made in North Korea, like in this video of a wig factory.

In the posts, which have proliferated in recent years, some Chinese entrepreneurs say that they own factories in North Korea and openly share contact information, splashing their account handles on videos of their products — in a clear violation of sweeping U.N. Security Council sanctions that bar nations from running “joint ventures or cooperative entities” in North Korea.

The videos have been viewed tens of thousands of times and offer a rare glimpse into factory life in North Korea. They are also a sign of the renewed ties between the neighbors — official trade between the countries has jumped recently and the Chinese leader Xi Jinping arrived in Pyongyang on Monday for a summit with his North Korean counterpart, Kim Jong-un.

The New York Times reviewed 34 social media accounts and over 400 posts that promoted goods made in North Korean factories on Douyin, China’s version of TikTok, and Xiaohongshu, which is also known as Red Note. The Times used satellite imagery and other online footage to verify where the videos in this article were recorded. People behind two of the accounts that posted the videos declined to comment and the others did not respond.

The social media accounts touted the same marketing line: thousands of cheap and skilled workers. As one post put it in Chinese, with a smiley-face emoji: “Good value for money.”

“Chinese entrepreneurs are returning to North Korea to run joint ventures,” said Lee Sang-Yong, research director at Daily NK, a Seoul-based website specializing in North Korean affairs. “While the rest of the world was not paying much attention, bilateral trade has quietly recovered to prepandemic levels.”

North Korea is not completely cut off by U.N. sanctions. Firms can export items like wigs and tungsten ores, as long as they are not part of a joint venture with foreign companies. Official trade between North Korea and China reached nearly $1 billion in the first four months of this year, jumping about 23 percent from the same period a year ago, according to Chinese customs data.

Much of the factory activity appears to be happening in the northeastern city of Rason, near North Korea’s borders with China and Russia. Pyongyang designated the city as a special economic zone in 1991, aimed at attracting foreign investment — particularly from China — to build and run factories using low-cost North Korean labor.

It was not possible to determine if the social media videos have actually led to orders. But as contract manufacturers, many North Korean factories do not have a robust domestic supply chain. The country has “relied heavily on importing raw materials and intermediate goods from China, then manufacturing and reselling finished products by leveraging its relatively abundant labor force,” said Yi Ji-sun, a research fellow at the Institute for National Security Strategy in Seoul.

Many of the social media posts emphasized the handiwork of the large work force. A video at one factory shows more than 150 men and women assembling false eyelashes, using small tools to nimbly weave the fabric and hammer the lashes onto a base. The caption reads, “North Korea Rason eyelash factory.”

When the product is ready, workers prepare for export by packing boxes labeled with the quantity and the name of the lash style, “Mega Volume” or “Crisscross,” in Chinese characters. Businesses pitched the rapid turnaround of large orders as a key advantage of working with North Korean factories. A video posted last August shows a table covered with more than 200 boxes, with the caption “Shipping out today.”

U.N. sanctions bar nations from buying textiles, including “fabrics and partially or completed apparel products,” from North Korea. However, posts showed a variety of goods that appeared to violate the ban, including hand-knit bags and crocheted toys.

One account hawked a traditional Chinese dress called qipao with the caption, “New pieces fresh off the frame by North Korean embroiderers. Seeking their destined owner.”

The social media posts also offer a look at life inside North Korean factories. The laborers work and live under military-style discipline. They eat at communal dining areas and participate in collective exercises.

Government propaganda slogans hang on the factory walls, continuously reinforcing loyalty to Mr. Kim.

North Korea has historically likened its foreign investment strategy to “putting up mosquito nets” — a policy designed to catch external capital while blocking foreign cultural influence. The remote geography of the Rason Special Economic Zone serves this purpose, allowing Pyongyang to isolate foreign investors from the general population.

To prevent the spread of outside information, the regime favors ethnic Chinese investors over Chinese business people of Korean descent who could communicate with locals, according to South Korean officials and analysts.

Translation

影片顯示中國企業兜售北韓勞工

隨著中美貿易復甦，一些中國企業家在社交媒體上大力宣傳其廉價的北韓勞動力

大量毛絨玩具、假睫毛和鉤針編織包等產品，均由廉價勞動力生產，部分工人甚至連續工作16小時。

這是部分中國企業在社交媒體上向潛在客戶推銷的廣告。然而，他們銷售的產品卻產自北韓，例如這段假髮工廠的影片。

近年來，這類貼文層出不窮。一些中國企業家在貼文中聲稱他們在北韓擁有工廠，並公開分享聯繫方式，在產品影片中大肆宣傳他們的帳號 - 這顯然違反了聯合國安理會禁止各國在北韓開展「合資企業或合作實體」的全面制裁。

這些影片已被觀看數萬次，讓人們得以罕見地窺看北韓工廠的日常生活。它們也標誌著中朝兩國關係的復甦 - 兩國間的官方貿易額近期大幅增長，中國國家主席習近平週一抵達平壤，與北韓最高領導人金正恩舉行峰會。

《紐約時報》查閱了抖音（中國版TikTok）和小紅書（又名Red Note）上的34個社交媒體帳號和400多條宣傳北韓工廠產品的推文。 《紐約時報》利用衛星影像和其他網路影片資料核實了本文中影片的拍攝地點。發佈這些影片的兩個帳號的經營者拒絕置評，其他帳號則未作回應。

這些社交媒體帳號宣傳的都是同一套說法：成千上萬廉價且技術純熟的工人。正如一篇中文帖子用笑臉表情符號寫道：“物超所值。”

總部位於首爾、專門報道朝鮮事務的網站Daily NK的研究主管Lee Sang-Yong表示:「中國企業家正在返回北韓經營合資企業」; 「在世界其他國家並未過多關注的情況下，雙邊貿易已悄悄恢復到疫情前的水平」。

北韓並未完全被聯合國制裁所封鎖。只要不與外國公司成立合資企業，企業就可以出口假髮和鎢礦等商品。根據中國海關數據顯示，今年前四個月，朝中官方貿易額接近10億美元，比去年同期成長約23%。

大部分工廠活動似乎都集中在北韓東北部靠近中國和俄羅斯邊境的羅先市(Rason)。 1991年，平壤將羅先市劃為經濟特區，旨在吸引外資 - 尤其是來自中國的投資 - 利用北韓低成本勞動力建設和營運工廠。

目前尚無法確定這些社交媒體影片是否真的帶來了訂單。但作為代工生產商，許多北韓工廠缺乏完善的國內供應鏈。首爾國家安全戰略研究所研究員Yi Ji-sun表示，北韓「嚴重依賴從中國進口原料和半製成品，然後利用其相對豐富的勞動力進行生產和再銷售成品」。

許多社交媒體貼文都強調了龐大勞動力的精湛技藝。一段影片顯示，在一家工廠裡，150多名男女正在組裝假睫毛，他們使用小型工具靈巧地編織布料，並將睫毛釘在底座上。影片標題為「北韓羅先眼睫毛工廠」。

產品完成後，工人會準備出口，將有用中文標註數量和眼睫毛款式名稱，或標註着 ”特大” 或 ”交叉” 的盒子裝箱。北韓工廠的賣點是能夠迅速處理大量訂單。去年八月發佈的一段影片顯示，一張桌子上擺放著200多個箱，標題是「今天發貨」。

聯合國的制裁是禁止各國向北韓購買紡織品，包括「布料和半成品或成品服裝」。然而，一些貼文顯示，北韓出售的多類商品似乎違反了禁令，其中包括手工編織的包包和鉤針編織的玩具。

一個帳號兜售一種叫旗袍的傳統中國服飾，並配文：“朝鮮刺繡工匠新鮮出爐的新款，正在尋找它們命中注定的主人。”

這些社交媒體貼文也展現了北韓工廠內部的生活。工人們在類似軍事化的紀律下工作和生活。他們在公共食堂用餐，並參與集體体操。

工廠牆上懸掛著政府宣傳標語，不斷強化對金正恩的忠誠。

北韓歷來將對外投資策略比喻為「架設蚊帳」 - 旨在吸引外來資本，同時阻止外國文化的影響。羅先經濟特區的偏遠地理位置正符合這一目的，使平壤能夠將外國投資者與普通民眾隔離。

據韓國官員和分析人士稱，為了防止國外資訊流傳，北韓政權更傾向華裔投資者，而不是能夠與當地人交流的朝鮮族裔華商。

So, in some posts on social media in China, Chinese entrepreneurs say that they own factories in North Korea, yet these investments are in a clear violation of the U.N. Security Council sanctions that bar nations from running “joint ventures or cooperative entities” in North Korea. North Korea all along has likened its foreign investment strategy as “putting up mosquito nets” — a policy designed to attract outside capital while blocking foreign cultural influence, a goal which China also wants to achieve and with some success. Apparently, North Korea needs outside money to support its economy.

US Inflation Reaches 4% Level, Highest in About 3 Years, Fed Interest Rate Hike Expected

Recently NHK News on-line reported the following:

US CPI  (Source: NHK)

米物価上昇率4％台に 約3年ぶり高水準でFRB利上げ観測

2026年6月10日22:00

(2026年6月10日23:31更新)

統計・指標

アメリカの先月の消費者物価指数は、ホルムズ海峡の事実上の封鎖を背景にエネルギー価格が大幅に上昇したことなどから去年の同じ月と比べて4.2％の上昇となりました。およそ3年ぶりの高い水準で、金融市場ではインフレの再加速を抑えるためFRB＝連邦準備制度理事会が年内にも利上げに踏み切るのではないかとの見方が出ています。

アメリカ労働省が10日に発表した先月の消費者物価指数は去年の同じ月と比べて4.2％の上昇となりました。

伸び率は前の月から0.4ポイント拡大し、2023年4月以来、3年1か月ぶりの高い水準となりました。

ホルムズ海峡の事実上の封鎖の影響などで原油価格が高騰していることを背景に、ガソリン価格の上昇率が40.5％となるなどエネルギー価格の大幅な上昇が全体を押し上げたほか、衣料品が4.8％、医療サービスが3.6％、住居費が3.4％、それぞれ上昇しました。

また、変動の大きい食品やエネルギーを除いたいわゆるコアの物価指数も去年の同じ月と比べて2.9％の上昇と、伸び率が前の月から0.1ポイント拡大しました。

伸び率の拡大は3か月連続です。

金融市場ではインフレの再加速を抑えるためFRBが年内にも利上げに踏み切るのではないかとの見方が出ています。

Translation

US Inflation Reaches 4% Level, Highest in About 3 Years, Fed Interest Rate Hike Expected

June 10, 2026, 22:00

(Updated June 10, 2026, 23:31)

Statistics and Indicators

The US Consumer Price Index (CPI) for last month rose 4.2% compared to the same month last year, largely due to a significant increase in energy prices against the backdrop of the de facto blockade of the Strait of Hormuz. This was the highest level in about three years, leading to speculation in financial markets that the Federal Reserve (FRB) might raise interest rates before the year-end to curb renewed inflation.

The US Department of Labor announced on the 10th that the CPI for last month rose 4.2% compared to the same month last year.

The growth rate increased by 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, reaching its highest level in 3 years and 1 month since April 2023.

Driven by soaring crude oil prices due to the de facto blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, gasoline prices rose sharply by 40.5%. While driving up the overall inflation rate, clothing prices rose 4.8%, healthcare services 3.6%, and housing costs 3.4%.

Furthermore, the so-called core inflation index that excluded volatile food and energy prices, rose 2.9% compared to the same month last year, an increase of 0.1 percentage point from the previous month.

The rate of had been continuing for three months in a row.

In the financial markets, there's a view that the Fed might raise interest rates later this year to curb the renewed acceleration of inflation.

So, the US CPI for last month rose 4.2% compared to the same month last year, largely due to a significant increase in energy prices. This is the highest level in about three years and probably the US may raise interest rates before the year end.

China's May Exports Increased by Over 19%; The Future Focus is on the Impact of High Crude Oil Prices

Recently NHK News on-line reported the following:

中国 5月の輸出額 19％余り増加 原油高の影響が今後の焦点

2026年6月9日14:58

中国

中国の5月の輸出額は、東南アジア向けが大きく伸び、アメリカ向けも大幅に増加したことから、去年の同じ月と比べて19％余り増えました。今後はイラン情勢を背景とした原油価格の高止まりがどう影響するかが焦点となります。

中国の税関当局が9日発表した貿易統計によりますと、5月の輸出額は去年の同じ月と比べてドル換算で19.4％増加しました。

これは、主要な輸出先の東南アジア向けが大きく伸びたことに加え、アメリカ向けも貿易摩擦の激化で大きく減った去年5月と比べて大幅に増加したことなどが主な要因です。

中国の輸出をめぐっては、イラン情勢を背景とした原油価格の高止まりで、主要な輸出先の内需が冷え込むのではないかという懸念が出ていて、今後、原油高がどう影響するかが焦点となります。

一方、輸入額は去年の同じ月と比べ、27.4％増加しました。

また、日本との貿易は、日中関係が悪化する中でも輸出額が10％余り、輸入額が29％余り、それぞれ増えました。

Translation

China's May Exports Increased by Over 19%; The Future Focus is on the Impact of High Crude Oil Prices

June 9, 2026, 2:58 PM

China

China's May exports increased by over 19% compared to the same month last year, driven by significant growth in exports to Southeast Asia and the United States. From now on, the focus would be on how the persistently high crude oil prices stemmed from the situation in Iran could make an impact.

According to trade statistics released by Chinese customs authorities on the 9th, May exports increased by 19.4% in dollar terms compared to the same month last year.

This was mainly due to a significant increase in exports to Southeast Asia as a major export destination, as well as a substantial increase in exports to the United States, compared to May last year when exports fell sharply due to escalating trade friction.

Regarding China's exports, concerns were rising that persistently high oil prices because of the situation in Iran might cool domestic demand in major export destinations. From now on, the impact of high oil prices would be a key focus.

Meanwhile, imports increased by 27.4% compared to the same month last year.

Furthermore, trade with Japan saw increases of over 10% in exports and over 29% in imports, even amid deteriorating Japan-China relations.

              So, China's May exports see a big increase compared to the same month last year. From now on, the focus would be on how the persistently high crude oil prices due to the situation in Iran could affect China’s trading figures in the coming months.

遇到棘手的醫學問題？你的醫生可能使用人工智能解决 ( (2/2)

Recently The New York Times reported the following:

Have a Thorny Medical Question? Your Doctor May Be Using A.I. for That (2/2)

OpenEvidence, a fast-growing start-up, is using artificial intelligence to help doctors find answers to clinical questions for diagnosis and treatment.

The NYT - By Steve Lohr - Steve Lohr has reported on the way technology is changing the work force for more than a decade.

June 8, 2026

(continue)

Dr. Topol is a co-author of a recent paper, “The Illusion of Readiness in Health A.I.,” which found “significant competency gaps” in the capability of big A.I. systems when applied to health care.

The evaluations so far have largely focused on the performance of the so-called large language models of big tech companies like OpenAI and Google, which are trained on data across the open internet.

OpenEvidence, founded in 2022, took a more focused approach. It bet that smaller A.I. software models trained on highly specialized data could outperform the giant models in a specific, information-rich field like medicine. The start-up trained its software initially on the publicly available medical data from sources like the government’s National Library of Medicine.

Then the company struck content licensing deals with The New England Journal of Medicine, The Journal of the American Medical Association and other publishers of peer-reviewed medical literature.

Studies of OpenEvidence, including one by researchers at the Mayo Clinic, have found that while the app is not flawless, its answers are generally accurate and evidence based.

OpenEvidence is available to any government-verified physician in America as a free, downloadable app.

“We treated physicians like consumers,” Mr. Nadler said. Users are presented ads, many of them from drug companies, during the five seconds or so they wait for the A.I. to reply. Physicians are served ads on only 5 percent of their questions, the company said.

Sidestepping the traditional gatekeepers of hospital technology departments has raised some issues. OpenEvidence has relied on the workplace behavior known as “shadow A.I.,” workers using such tools without the knowledge or oversight of their employers.

Some health systems are now focusing on bringing OpenEvidence into the institutional fold. Mount Sinai announced in March that it would provide a link to OpenEvidence directly from a patient’s electronic health record.

But the agreement does not give the start-up access to the medical center’s patient data. That integration could come later, Dr. Gavin said, but only after rigorous testing and controls.

Protecting patient privacy and safety will be “paramount,” he said, adding that “we’re not going to just throw a patient’s data over the wall to a private company.”

Doctors in smaller practices across the country, especially in rural areas, say the technology has won them over.

In Corinth, Miss., Dr. Ben Long counts himself as an A.I. skeptic. But he was reassured that OpenEvidence generates answers based on only high-quality, peer-reviewed information.

At first, Dr. Long used it mainly as a reference tool, asking factual questions. But now, he regards the app more as “a consultant, a thought partner” with which he has a dialogue, he said.

“A.I. forces you to think more deeply about your own thinking, challenging your assumptions and why you might be wrong,” Dr. Long said.

A.I. can also let doctors tap expertise that would normally be the realm of specialists.

Dr. Barbara Creighton often diagnoses and treats complex cases at a community hospital in Fairbanks, Alaska. They can involve multiple conditions and failing organs. At a large medical center, a team of specialists might be consulted — an infectious disease expert, a pulmonologist and a gastroenterologist, for example.

Dr. Creighton’s small hospital is not so richly staffed. It does have an arrangement with a big medical center to pay for specialist consulting sessions. She now relies increasingly on OpenEvidence to answer many questions, saving her time and her hospital money.

“It’s like having a bunch of specialists in your pocket,” Dr. Creighton said.

At Mount Sinai, Dr. Gavin said he viewed A.I. technology as a powerful tool to help realize the promise of precision medicine with treatments tailored to individuals.

Progress will require a “patchwork of solutions” from hospitals, medical schools and private companies, he said. Whether OpenEvidence thrives and plays a role in that long-term future remains to be seen.

“But it represents a step in that direction,” Dr. Gavin said.

Translation

 遇到棘手的醫學問題？你的醫生可能使用人工智能解决 ( (2/2)

OpenEvidence 是一家快速發展的新創公司，它正利用人工智能幫助醫生找到臨床診斷和治療問題的答案

（繼續）

Topol博士是近期一篇論文《醫療人工智能的就緒假象》的合著者，該論文發現，各大型人工智能系統在應用於醫療保健時，其能力存在「顯著的差距」。

迄今為止，評估主要集中在 OpenAI 和谷歌等大型科技公司所謂的大型語言模型的性能上，這些模型是基於開放互聯網上的數據進行訓練的。

成立於 2022 年的 OpenEvidence 採取了更專注的方法。它押注於規模較小的人工智能系統軟件模型，基於其高度專業化的資料訓練，在特定且資訊豐富的領域例如醫學等，其效能可能優於大型模型。這家新創公司最初使用來自美國國家醫學圖書館等機構的公開醫療數據來訓練其軟件。

隨後，該公司與《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》、《美國醫學會雜誌》以及其他同行評審醫學文獻出版商達成了內容授權協議。

包括Mayo診所研究人員在內的多項針對 OpenEvidence 的研究發現，儘管該應用程式並非完美無缺，但其答案通常準確且基於證據。

OpenEvidence 是一款免費下載的應用程式，任何經美國政府認證的醫生均可使用。

Nadler先生說: 「我們對待醫生像對待消費者一樣」。在用戶等待人工智能回覆的大約五秒時間內，系統會向他們顯示廣告，其中許多來自製藥公司。該公司表示，醫生在回答問題時，只有 5% 的發問會遇到廣告。

繞過醫院技術部門的傳統把關人也引發了一些問題。 OpenEvidence 一直以來都依賴一種被稱為「影子人工智能」的職場行為，即員工在雇主不知情或缺乏監督的情況下使用此類工具。

一些醫療系統目前正致力於將 OpenEvidence 納入其係統。西奈山醫院於今年三月宣佈，將直接在患者的電子健康記錄中提供 OpenEvidence 的連結。

但該協議並未賦予這家新創公司存取醫療中心患者資料的權限。Gavin醫師表示，這種整合可能會在之後進行，但前提是必須經過嚴格的測試和控制。

他強調，保護患者隱私和安全 '至關重要'，並補充說：“我們不會輕易將患者數據拱手讓給一家私人公司。”

全國各地小型診所的醫生，尤其是在農村地區的醫生，表示這項技術已經贏得了他們的認可。

在密西西比州Corinth市，Ben Long醫生自認是對人工智能持懷疑態度。但他感到安心的是，OpenEvidence 產生的答案只基於高品質的同儕審查資料。

起初，Long醫師主要將其用作參考工具，提出一些事實性問題。但現在，他更傾向於將這款應用程式視為“顧問，思想夥伴”，並與之進行對話。

Long醫生說： “人工智能迫使你更深入地思考自己的思維方式，挑戰你的假設以及你可能犯錯的原因。”

人工智能還可以讓醫生利用通常只有專科醫生才能提供的專業知識。

Barbara Creighton醫生經常在阿拉斯加Fairbanks的社區醫院診斷和治療複雜的病例。這些病例可能涉及多種疾病和器官衰竭。在大型醫療中心，醫生可能會諮詢一個專家團隊 - 例如，傳染病專家、肺科醫生和腸胃科醫生。

Creighton醫生所在的小型醫院人員配備並不充足。它與一家大型醫療中心達成協議，支付專家諮詢費用。她現在越來越依賴 OpenEvidence 來解答許多問題，這不僅節省了她的時間，也為醫院節省了金錢。

Creighton醫生說: 「這就像有一群專家在自己的口袋裡一樣」。

西奈山醫院的Gavin醫生表示，他認為人工智能技術是實現精準醫療願景的強大工具，能夠為患者量身定制治療方案。

他指出，要取得進展，需要醫院、醫學院和私人企業共同努力，「拼湊多種解決方案」。 OpenEvidence 能否蓬勃發展，並在未來的長遠發展中發揮作用，還有待觀察。

Gavin醫生說: 「但這已代表朝著那方向邁出第一步」。

              So, OpenEvidence has trained its software using publicly available medical data like the government’s National Library of Medicine etc. Currently, this application is available free to any government-verified physician in America, and many doctors in the US are using it. Apparently, it has a very good potential in helping doctors to perform their work and I am wondering when will it be made available to other countries.

遇到棘手的醫學問題？你的醫生可能使用人工智能解决 (1/2)

Recently The New York Times reported the following:

Have a Thorny Medical Question? Your Doctor May Be Using A.I. for That (1/2)

OpenEvidence, a fast-growing start-up, is using artificial intelligence to help doctors find answers to clinical questions for diagnosis and treatment.

The NYT - By Steve Lohr - Steve Lohr has reported on the way technology is changing the work force for more than a decade.

June 8, 2026

Dr. Nicholas Gavin, an emergency medicine doctor at Mount Sinai in New York City, was working an overnight shift last summer when a patient came in with a puzzling set of symptoms. Within seconds, his three younger colleagues — two medical students and a resident — were consulting a free artificial-intelligence-powered app for physicians, OpenEvidence.

Dr. Gavin soon learned that they were far from outliers. A third of Mount Sinai’s 9,000 doctors were already regular OpenEvidence users, the health system’s executives found out in a meeting last year with the start-up’s leaders.

“That was an ‘aha’ moment for our leadership,” said Dr. Gavin, who is also the system’s chief clinical innovation officer.

OpenEvidence’s A.I. app, essentially a chatbot for medicine, has become a viral hit with physicians. Talk to a doctor and chances are he or she uses the app to ask specific medical questions or bounce ideas off it in a diagnostic dialogue.

More than half of the nation’s physicians are regular users. Last month, they used it for 30 million questions and consultations, nearly twice the volume from six months earlier, according to the start-up. A separate survey last year of 1,000 physicians found that 45 percent of them used the app, nearly triple the percentage who used ChatGPT, according to Offcall, a career information service for doctors.

That growth propelled the start-up to a $12 billion valuation in January, up from $3.5 billion last July.

But doctors’ quick adoption of the app since its introduction in 2024 — one of a handful of A.I.-enhanced programs on the market seeking to win over physicians — has heightened concerns about how and when the technology should be used in life-or-death situations. In a high-stakes field like medicine, health care systems are navigating thorny matters of patient privacy, safety and trust, as well as the limitations of the technology itself.

“It’s not an oracle, it’s a tool,” said Daniel Nadler, founder and chief executive of OpenEvidence. “Knowledge and knowledge workers still matter.”

The doctor’s office has been a target for computer-assisted decision making for decades, with very limited success until the recent advances of A.I.

The first wave of A.I. in medicine focused on easing the heavy burden of documentation that contributes to physician burnout with transcriptions and summaries of patient visits, called A.I. scribe software. The second wave, which is just getting underway, aims to use A.I. to assist doctors with reliable information and advice to guide diagnosis and treatment while at a patient’s bedside.

The competition has intensified in recent months. UpToDate, a popular legacy electronic reference for doctors, has given its service an A.I. makeover with a chatbot interface. Doximity, an online professional network for physicians, bought an A.I. start-up that mines medical literature and generates summaries. Abridge, a fast-growing A.I. scribe maker, is adding decision-support tools. And last month, OpenAI introduced ChatGPT for Clinicians.

OpenEvidence became a front-runner in part because it exclusively used medical journals and other high-quality research as data to train its A.I. models. Physicians can ask the app specific questions or enter the characteristics and symptoms of a patient and ask for potential explanations. The app is compliant with the federal law that protects patient health information, and physicians are told not to enter any personally identifying information.

OpenEvidence responds with a summary of most likely diagnoses, and then offers other “most important not to miss diagnoses.” Each has links to the research articles that inform the summaries.

“A.I. is solving some of the problems that have long plagued the practice of medicine,” said Dr. Raja-Elie Abdulnour, chief clinical innovation officer at NEJM Group, which publishes The New England Journal of Medicine. “These tools just didn’t exist before, and that’s why people are so excited about them now.”

Yet the early enthusiasm should be tempered with a large dose of caution, medical experts agree. The research so far into the benefits and shortcomings of A.I. in medicine is decidedly mixed.

A.I. has aced standard licensing exams and outperformed human doctors in diagnosing certain cases. But A.I. has also stumbled, failing to accurately summarize research papers or giving wrong answers to diagnostic questions. And it isn’t going to replace humans anytime soon.

“The potential for A.I. is great, but we’re not there yet,” said Dr. Eric Topol, a cardiologist and an executive vice president at Scripps Research in San Diego. “It hasn’t really been tested and demonstrated in the messy, real world of medicine.”

(to be continued)

Translation

遇到棘手的醫學問題？你的醫生可能使用人工智能解决 (1/2)

OpenEvidence 是一家快速發展的新創公司，它正利用人工智能幫助醫生找到臨床診斷和治療問題的答案

去年夏天，紐約市西奈山醫院的急診醫生Nicholas Gavin值夜班時，一位有令人費解症狀的病人前來就診。幾秒鐘之內，他的三位年輕同事 - 兩名醫學生和一名住院醫師 - 就開始使用一款名為 OpenEvidence 的免費人工智能醫生應用程式去診斷。

Gavin醫生很快就發現，他們絕非異類。西奈山醫院的9,000名醫生中，有三分之一已經是 OpenEvidence 的經用使用者。去年，這醫療機構的管理層在與這家新創公司的領導人會面時得知了這一情況。

同時也是該智能系統的首席臨床創新官的 Gavin醫生說道:「這對我們的領導層來說是一個『頓悟』時刻」。

OpenEvidence 的人工智能應用程序，本質上是一個醫療聊天機器人，已在醫生群體中迅速走紅。随便問一個醫生，他們很可能都使用這款應用程式來諮詢特定的醫學問題，或在診斷對話中與它交流想法。

超過一半的美國醫生都是這款應用程式的經常用戶。據這家新創公司稱，上個月，他們使用該應用程式進行了 3,000 萬次諮詢和問詢，幾乎是六個月前的兩倍。去年一項針對 1,000 名醫生的獨立調查發現，45% 的醫生曾使用過這款應用程序，幾乎是 ChatGPT 用戶比例的三倍。這項調查的數據來自醫生職業資訊服務平台 Offcall。

這一成長推動這家新創公司在今年 1 月的估值達到 120 億美元，而去年 7 月的估值為 35 億美元。

但自2024年推出以來，醫生們對這款應用程式的快速接受度 - 它是市場上為數不多的幾款旨在贏得醫生青睞的人工智能增強型程式之一 - 加劇了人們對這項技術在生死攸關的情況下應該如何以及何時使用的擔憂。在醫療如此高風險的領域，醫療保健系統正在努力應對棘手的病患隱私、安全和信任問題，以及科技本身的限制。

OpenEvidence的創始人兼執行長 Daniel Nadler表示: 「它不是神諭，而是一種工具」; 「知識和知識工作者仍然至關重要」。

幾十年來，醫生辦公室一直是用電腦去輔助診症的目標場所，但直至人工智能最近取得大進展之前，其應用非常有限。

第一波人工智能在醫學領域的應用主要集中在減輕醫生因繁重的文件工作而導致的職業倦怠，其方式是透過轉錄和總結患者就診記錄，即所謂的人工智能記錄軟件。第二波浪潮剛興起，旨在利用人工智能為醫生提供可靠的資訊和建議，以指導他們在患者床邊進行診斷和治療。

近幾個月來，競爭日益激烈。廣受歡迎的傳統電子參考資料平台 UpToDate 為其服務進行了人工智能改造，新增了聊天機器人介面。向醫生提供線上專業網路的 Doximity 收購了一家人工智能新創公司，該公司挖掘醫學文獻並提供摘要。快速發展的人工智能醫療記錄工具 Abridge 正在添加決策支援工具。上個月，OpenAI 推出了臨床醫生的 ChatGPT。

OpenEvidence 之所以能成為領跑者，部分原因在於它完全使用醫學期刊和其他高品質研究作為資料來訓練其人工智能模型。醫生可以向該應用程式提出具體問題，也可以輸入患者的特徵和症狀，並尋求可能的解釋。這款應用程式符合保護患者健康資訊的聯邦法律，醫生被告知不得輸入任何個人識別資訊。

OpenEvidence 會提供最可能診斷的摘要，並提供其他「不容錯過的重要診斷」。每個摘要都附有相關研究文章的連結。

出版《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》的 NEJM Group 的首席臨床創新官 Raja-Elie Abdulnour 醫生表示:「人工智能正在解決一些長期困擾醫學實踐的問題」;「這些工具以前根本不存在，所以人們現在對它們如此興奮」。

然而，醫學專家一致認為，早期的熱情應該伴隨著大量的謹慎。目前關於研究人工智能在醫學領域的益處和不足的結果是明顯地參差。

人工智能已經順利通過了標準的執業資格考試，並在某些病例的診斷上超越了人類醫生。但人工智能也曾失手，例如無法準確總結研究論文，或對診斷問題給予錯誤答案。而且，它在短期內也不會取代人類。

Eric Topol博士是心臟科醫生，也是聖地亞哥Scripps研究所的執行副總裁説: 「人工智能的潛力巨大，但我們尚未達到目標」; 「它還沒有在紛繁複雜的真實醫學世界中經過實際考驗和證實」。

（待續）