這種罕見基因會顯著增加從未吸煙者罹患肺癌的風險（1/2）

Recently The New York Times reported the following:

This Rare Gene Drastically Raises Lung Cancer Risk in People Who Never Smoked (1/2)

The gene is found predominantly in Southern Appalachia and may be one of the most powerful cancer-risk mutations ever found.

The NYT - By Gina Kolata (Gina Kolata reports on diseases and treatments, how treatments are discovered and tested, and how they affect people.)

Sept. 17, 2026

Between 200 and 225 years ago, someone or several someones from the British Isles had a gene mutation that caused lung cancer. They traveled to America, settled in Southern Appalachia and transmitted the cancer gene to their descendants and their descendants’ descendants.

Today that lung cancer gene, known as EGFR T790M, is found largely in residents of the United States and mostly in Southern Appalachia, especially Tennessee and Alabama. It makes lung cancer 62 times as likely in those who have never smoked and 10 times as likely in smokers.

Those are among the stunning findings of a new report, published on Thursday in Science by researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and 23andMe Research Institute.

The gene is one of the most powerful, if not the most powerful, cancer-risk mutations ever found, said Alexander Gusev, a geneticist at Dana-Farber and an author of the paper.

Unlike other cancer genes that can cause cancer in a variety of organs, this gene is associated only with lung cancer. Researchers expect their discovery can help unlock secrets about the development of the disease.

For those with the gene, the hope is for early detection and treatment or even cancer prevention, said Dr. Raymond DuBois, the director of the Medical University of South Carolina’s Hollings Cancer Center, who was not associated with the work.

“This is a great story,” Dr. DuBois said, adding that he “read the paper like a novel.”

The variant was discovered in 2005, but because it is so rare, researchers were limited to studying families in which several members had the gene and got lung cancer. Studies like that could not reveal how much the gene increased risk.

Investigators did learn, though, that the variant was unusual. Lung cancer patients often have mutations in the EGFR gene, but those mutations arose by random bad luck later in life. If those mutations arise in embryos, they kill the embryos. But not the EGFR T790M mutation. People are born with it, and it is not lethal. It causes only lung cancer, but decades later.

Dr. Jaclyn LoPiccolo and Dr. Pasi A. Jänne, lung cancer experts at Dana-Farber, realized that 23andMe’s data might hold the key to figuring out how dangerous EGFR T790M is. Other databases had too few people — less than a million participants, only a handful of whom had the mutation. But 23andMe, a direct-to-consumer recreational databank that many use to find ancestors, was huge.

The database had more than 10 million people who had consented to participate in research, including the 3.37 million who had provided both genetic data and information on whether they had lung cancer. There were 641 who had the mutation.

(to be continued)

Translation

這種罕見基因會顯著增加從未吸煙者罹患肺癌的風險（1/2）

該基因主要發現於美國 Appalachia 南部地區，可能是迄今為止的最強致癌基因突變之一

大約在 200 到 225 年前，來自不列顛群島的人一個或幾個的人是帶有一種導致肺癌的基因突變。他們遷移到美國，定居在 Appalachia 南部地區，並將這種致癌基因遺傳給了他們的後代以及其後代的後代。

如今，這種被稱為 EGFR T790M 的肺癌基因很大程度上存在於美國居民中，主要是在Appalachia 南部地區，尤其是田納西州和阿拉巴馬州。這種基因使從未吸煙者罹患肺癌的風險增加62倍，吸煙者罹患肺癌的風險增加10倍。

這些令人震驚的發現來自 Dana-Farber 癌症研究所和 23andMe 研究機構的研究人員於週四在《科學》雜誌上發表的一份新報告。

Dana-Farber 癌症研究所的遺傳學家、論文的作者之一 Alexander Gusev 表示，這種基因是迄今為止發現的最強大的癌症風險突變之一，甚至可能就是最強大的。

與其他可導致多種器官癌症的基因不同，這種基因僅與肺癌有關。研究人員希望他們的發現能幫助揭開肺癌發展的奧秘。

並未參與這項研究的南卡羅來納醫科大學 Hollings 癌症中心主任 Raymond DuBois 博士表示，對於攜帶這種基因的人來說，希望在於能夠早期發現並治療，甚至預防癌症。

DuBois 博士說：「這是一個很棒的故事」。他還補充說，他「像看小說一樣讀完了這篇報告」。

這種變異於2005年被發現，但由於其極為罕見，研究人員只能研究那些有多位成員帶有該基因並患有肺癌的家族。此類研究無法揭示該基因究竟增加了多少患病風險。

不過，研究人員確實發現這種變異很特殊。肺癌患者的 EGFR 基因通常有突變，但這些突變往往是晚年因隨機的厄運而偶然發生的。如果這些突變發生在胚胎時期，則會導致胚胎死亡。但EGFR T790M 突變並非如此。人們出生時就帶有這種突變，而且它並非致命。它只會導致肺癌，但通常是在數十年後。

Dana-Farber 癌症研究所的肺癌專家 Jaclyn LoPiccolo 博士和 Pasi A. Jänne 博士意識到，23andMe的數據或許能揭示 EGFR T790M 的危險程度。其他資料庫的人數太少 - 參與者不到百萬，其中只有極少數人帶有這種突變。但  23andMe 是一家面向消費者的休閒基因資料庫，許多人利用它來尋找祖先，規模非常龐大。

該資料庫擁有超過 1,000 萬名同意參與研究的人，其中包括 337 萬名同時提供了基因數據和是否患肺癌病的資訊。其中有 641 人帶有該突變。

（待續）

Anthropic AI安全報告：阿里巴巴、深度求索涉非法蒸餾Claude對話訓練自家人工智能模型 涉逾千萬至逾億次交流引發私隱疑慮

 Recently Sinic Analytica reported the following:

Anthropic AI安全報告：阿里巴巴、深度求索涉非法蒸餾Claude對話訓練自家人工智能模型 涉逾千萬至逾億次交流引發私隱疑慮

Sinic Analytica (sinicanalytica@creator.patreon.com)

Tue, Sep 15 at 7:06 a.m.

美國人工智能公司 Anthropic 於9月10日發布威脅情報報告，指阿里巴巴（Alibaba）、月之暗面（Moonshot AI）及深度求索（DeepSeek）等中國AI實驗室，於今年5月至8月未經授權，透過「非法蒸餾」手法大規模利用 Claude 輸出，藉此訓練並強化自家AI模型能力。

阿里巴巴的蒸餾規模為目前已知最大一宗。5月至7月間，該公司經逾3500個欺詐帳戶與 Claude交流逾1.51億次。高峰期間，單日交流量一度近300萬次。阿里巴巴另運用 Claude 進行強化學習及模型架構研究。

｜偽裝 Kimi 轉發用戶請求

月之暗面將部分 Kimi 用戶請求悄悄轉發至 Claude。系統其後將回應顯示予用戶，令用戶誤信正使用 Kimi 模型。單一10天內，該公司經5380個帳戶轉發近30萬次請求。多數帳戶位於新加坡及日本，當中大部分流向Claude Opus模型。5月至7月，月之暗面相關交流總數逾2300萬次。部分交流其後更用作訓練自家模型的資料。

深度求索採取與月之暗面相似手法。該公司未通知客戶，即將交流轉移至 Claude。此舉令該公司客戶未必知悉查詢已轉發至其他系統處理。2026年7月的14天內，Anthropic 偵測到逾1200萬次蒸餾攻擊。

Anthropic指出，部分交流涉及敏感資料。相關資料來自個人用戶、跨國企業及國家關聯行為者。此類做法可能違反私隱法規及各實驗室的服務條款。阿里巴巴、月之暗面、深度求索、小米及 Anthropic 均未即時回應置評請求。

(Source: sinicanalytica@creator.patreon.com)

Comment:

So, the article mentions a threat intelligence report released by the US AI company Anthropic, alleging that Chinese AI labs such as Alibaba, Moonshot AI, and DeepSeek are, through "illegal distillation", using Claude output on a large scale without authorization to train and enhance their own AI models. I find that to train and enhance AI models through "illegal distillation" is alarming. In this way, the Chinese companies can significantly reduce development costs. This also demonstrates that China relies solely on US companies for AI development. Apparently, in this rapidly evolving field, the US remains the leader in both software and hardware.

Note

1. Sinic Analytica is a UK-based advisory firm and independent think tank that specializes in data-driven political-economic analysis and international relations. Formed by a global network of experts from the UK, Canada, the US, Singapore, and Taiwan, the team leverages their unique experience at the intersection of Chinese and Western economies to provide sharp, objective market insights. Through its Patreon platform, it offers bilingual research reports and exclusive content tailored for foreign investors, asset owners, and the global Chinese diaspora, prioritizing rigorous facts and trends over emotion or political bias. (Google)

中國如何應對人工智能擺脫人類控制的風險

Recently Reuter on-line reported the following:

How China is preparing for the risk of AI escaping human control

Reuter - Reporting by Eduardo Baptista and Laurie Chen; Editing by Muralikumar Anantharaman

September 14, 20261:57 AM PDT Updated 9 hours ago

(Summary:

China warns AI could rapidly replicate and seek power

China and the US share AI-control concerns but favour different safeguards

Beijing relies more on state oversight; US debate hinges on company-level controls

China flags risk of rogue AI agents and is developing regulation to prevent such incidents)

BEIJING, September 15 - Warnings from researchers at leading U.S. ​AI developer Anthropic that increasingly powerful models could escape human control have drawn attention in China, where policymakers have been preparing for some of the same risks.

The U.S. and China ‌are the two major driving forces of frontier AI development and the technology's global adoption. Both superpowers have been at loggerheads over AI policies and industry practices, with these issues slated to feature prominently in bilateral talks later this month.

BEIJING SEES AI AS MANAGEABLE RISK, NOT AN EXTINCTION EVENT

While the debate in the U.S. is focused on whether frontier AI could pose an existential threat to humanity, opens new tab, Chinese policymakers have generally treated AI as a powerful but governable technology whose risks can be contained through technical standards, regulation and state ​oversight.

"Chinese and American experts largely agree on AI risks," said Brian Tse, founder and CEO of Concordia AI, a Beijing- and Singapore-based AI safety and governance research group, adding the difference was on "how ​risks are framed and prioritised".

China has not proposed embedding independent monitors inside AI companies, as Anthropic has advocated. Its emerging regime instead relies on developer obligations, state-backed standards, ⁠security assessments and outside testing.

That approach is also shaped by a major difference in the two countries' AI industries.

Chinese developers have increasingly promoted open-weight models. These refer to systems whose underlying parameters can be downloaded, inspected ​and modified. Their leading U.S. rivals such as Anthropic and OpenAI, however, do not make these specifications publicly available.

CHINA SEEKS TO PREVENT ROGUE AI AGENT INCIDENTS

Policy issued in May by China's cyberspace regulator, economic planner and industry ministry ​identifies "operational loss of control" as a security risk for AI agents, systems that can plan and carry out multi-step tasks more independently than conventional chatbots.

The rules require developers to improve their ability to discover, intervene in, block and recover from improper agent behaviour.

The policy also calls on developers to guard against risks including data poisoning, algorithm manipulation and system vulnerabilities. It also says users should be informed about agents' autonomous decisions and retain final decision-making authority.

China has also begun drafting a mandatory national standard for AI ​agent safety, which Concordia's Tse said would be the world's first of its kind.

Wang Lihong, a senior official at the cyberspace regulator, said on September 1 that particular vigilance was needed over frontier models bypassing sandbox environments, ​circumventing safety boundaries and attacking external real-world production systems.

BEIJING SEES RISKS IN LEADING U.S. MODELS

China's state security minister, Chen Yixin, wrote in a government outlet on Sunday that advanced U.S. models such as Anthropic's Mythos and OpenAI's GPT-5.5-Cyber could pose serious ‌risks to China's ⁠critical information infrastructure, and called for a comprehensive strengthening of AI security.

Anthropic and OpenAI did not immediately respond to Reuters requests for comment.

Chinese AI developers have promoted open-weight models partly on the grounds that cybersecurity teams can inspect, modify and deploy them for defensive work.

Model repository platform Hugging Face said it used GLM-5.2, an open-weight model developed by China's Z.AI (2513.HK), opens new tab, to analyse a July intrusion by escaped OpenAI agents after more tightly restricted U.S. models proved less useful for the forensic work.

But experts also highlight the risks posed by open-weight models, which can be modified and redistributed with little oversight.

Moonshot's Kimi K3 last month bypassed a UK AI Security Institute testing sandbox, researchers said, highlighting ​the risk that Chinese AI models could, like their ​U.S. counterparts, evade controls designed to restrict their access ⁠and actions. Moonshot did not respond when Reuters had asked for a comment on the matter.

REGULATORS FLAG AI 'LOSS OF CONTROL' RISK

China first included an explicit future loss-of-control scenario in an AI safety framework released in September 2024 under the guidance of the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC).

The document said it could not be ruled out that future ​AI might autonomously obtain external resources, replicate itself, develop self-awareness and seek external power, creating a risk of competing with humans for control.

The CAC released an ​expanded version in September 2025. The ⁠newer framework sharpened the scenario, saying AI could undergo a sudden and unexpectedly large "leap" in intelligence before acquiring resources, replicating itself and seeking power. It also added a governance principle of "trusted application, preventing loss of control".

A later expert interpretation published on the cyberspace regulator's website said the new principle was intended to guard against loss-of-control risks threatening human survival and development and referred to a possible "AI breaking loose" scenario.

A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO 'PACING'

China's regulatory approach differs from calls in some Western ⁠AI-safety circles for ​developers to slow or pause development of the most capable models until stronger safeguards are in place.

It has instead since early this ​year pushed for the integration of AI into all industries, part of Beijing's bid to make technology the new engine of the world's second-largest economy.

But China has also shown it can delay deployment when officials believe governance has not caught up.

In 2023, Chinese companies delayed chatbot ​launches for months while the CAC finalised rules governing generative AI services. Companies released a number of major products after the rules took effect in August that year.

Translation:

中國如何應對人工智能擺脫人類控制的風險

（摘要：

 中國警告人工智能可能迅速複製並尋求權力

中美兩國對人工智能管控有共同擔憂，但傾向不同的保障措施

北京更依賴國家監管；美國的爭論則集中在公司層級的控制

中國指出人工智能代理失控的風險，並正在製定相關法規以防止此類事件發生）

北京，9月15日 - 美國領先的人工智能開發商Anthropic的研究人員發出警告，稱功能日益強大的模型可能脫離人類控制。這項警告在中國引起了關注，中國的政策制定者一直在為應對類似的風險做準備。

美國和中國是尖端人工智能發展和全球應用的兩大主要推動力。這兩個超級大國在人工智能政策和行業慣例方面一直存在分歧，這些問題預計將在本月稍後的雙邊會談中佔據重要地位。

北京視人工智能為可控風險，而非滅絕事件

當美國辯論的焦點集中在尖端人工智能是否會對人類構成生存威脅時，中國決策者則普遍將人工智能視為一種強大但可控的技術，其風險可以透過技術標準、監管和國家監督來控制。

總部位於北京和新加坡的人工智能安全與治理研究機構Concordia AI的創始人兼執行長Brian Tse表示：「中美專家對人工智能風險的看法基本上一致」。他補充說，分歧在於「如何界定和優先考慮風險」。

中國並未像Anthropic所倡導的那樣，提議在人工智能公司內部設立獨立監督機構。其正在形成的機制依賴於開發者的義務、國家支持的標準、安全評估和外部測試。

這種做法也受到兩國人工智能產業重大差異所影響。

中國開發者越來越多地推廣開源模型。這些模型指的是其底層參數可以被下載、檢查和修改的一個系統。然而，其在美國的主要競爭對手，例如 Anthropic 和 OpenAI，並未公開這些參數。

中國力求防止人工智能代理失控事件

中國網絡空間監管機構、經濟規劃部門和工業和資訊化部於5月發佈的政策指出，「運作失控」是人工智能代理的安全風險。人工智能代理系統能夠比傳統聊天機器人更可獨立地規劃和執行多步驟任務。

該政策要求開發者提高去發現、幹預、阻止和收復不當代理行為的能力。

該政策也呼籲開發者防範包括數據中毒、演算法操縱和系統漏洞等風險。政策也指出，使用者應被告知代理的自主決策，並保留最終決策權。

中國也已開始起草人工智能代理安全的強制性國家標準。Concordia大學一個姓谢 (Tse) 的人仕表示，這將是全球首個的此類標準。

中國網信辦高級官員Wang Lihong 9月1日表示，必須對繞過沙盒環境、突破安全界限並攻擊外部真實生產系統的尖端模型保持高度警惕。

北京認為美國領先模型有存在風險

中國國家安全部長Chen Yixin週日在官方媒體撰文指出，Anthropic公司的Mythos和OpenAI公司的GPT-5.5-Cyber​​等美國先進模型可能對中國關鍵資訊基礎設施構成嚴重威脅，並呼籲全面加強人工智能安全。

Anthropic和OpenAI尚未回覆路透社的置評請求。

中國人工智能開發者推廣開源模型的部分原因是，網絡安全團隊可以對其進行檢查、修改和部署於防禦上的工作。

模型庫平台 Hugging Face 表示，在更嚴格的美國模型被證明對取證工作不太有用之後，他們使用了中國Z.AI（2513.HK）開發的開放權重模型 GLM-5.2，來分析 7 月逃脫的 OpenAI 代理的入侵事件。

但專家也強調了開放權重模型帶來的風險，這類模型可以在缺乏監管的情況下被修改和重新分發。

研究人員表示，上個月，Moonshot的Kimi K3模型繞過了英國人工智能安全研究所的測試沙盒，這凸顯了中國人工智能模型可能像美國模型一樣，規避旨在限制其存取和行為的控制措施的風險。路透社就此事向Moonshot尋求置評時，該公司未予回應。

監管機構指出人工智能「失控」風險

中國在2024年9月發佈的人工智能安全框架中，首次明確納入了未來可能出現的失控場景，該框架由中國國家互聯網資訊辦公室（CAC）指導制定。

文件指出，不能排除未來人工智能自主獲取外部資源、自我複製、發展自我意識並尋求外部權力的可能性，從而可能與人類爭奪控制權。

CAC於2025年9月發佈了擴展版本。新框架進一步完善了人工智能的發展規劃。該方案指出，人工智能在獲取資源、自我複製和尋求權力之前，可能會經歷一次突如其來的、出乎意料的巨大智能「飛躍」。方案還新增了一項「可信應用，防止失控」的治理原則。

隨後，在網絡空間監管機構網站上發佈出來的專家解讀聲稱，這項新原則旨在防範失控風險威脅人類的生存和發展，並提及了「人工智能失控」的可能情景。

處理「節奏」的不同方法

中國的監管方式與西方的做法有所不同，一些西方人工智能安全圏人仕呼籲開發者放慢或暫停開發最先進模型，直到更強有力的保障措施到位。

相反地自今年年初以來，中國一直在推動人工智能融入所有產業，這是北京將智能科技打造為世界第二大經濟體新引擎計劃的一部分。

但中國也表明，如果官員認為治理尚未跟上，它可以推遲部署。

2023年，中國企業推遲了聊天機器人產品的發佈數月，等待國家網信辦最終確定生成式人工智能(generative AI) 服務的相關規定。同年8月，相關規定生效後，多家企業陸續發表了多款重要產品。

              So, warnings from researchers at leading U.S. AI developer Anthropic that increasingly powerful models could escape human control have drawn attention in China. The U.S. and China ‌are the two major driving forces of frontier AI development and the technology's global adoption. Both superpowers have been divided over AI policies and industry practices. Referring to a possible "AI breaking loose" scenario, apparently China and the US share AI-control concerns but favor different safeguards in guard against loss-of-control risks that may threaten human survival and development.

Note:

1. A sandbox environment (沙盒環境) is an isolated, restricted digital environment. When researchers evaluate a frontier model (the most capable, state-of-the-art AI systems), they lock it inside a sandbox so it cannot interact with the real world. The Rules is that inside a sandbox, the AI usually has no internet access, no way to modify its own hosting server, and no ability to run unauthorized code on external systems. (Google)

2. An open-weights model (開放權重模型) refers to an AI model where the development team publicly shares the trained weights (the core internal parameters and mathematical formulas of the model). This allows the public to download, deploy, run, and fine-tune the model on their own devices or cloud infrastructure. In artificial intelligence, a model acts like a network of a human brain. Weights are the "memories" and "knowledge" that the AI has learned after analyzing massive amounts of data. Once a model finishes training, these weights are the crucial numbers that determine how the AI thinks and answers questions. The model can only function with these weights; without them, it is just an empty shell (possessing only the structural code without any actual capability). (Google)

3. The Difference Between "Open-Weights" and "Open Source" - Although many people refer to open-weights models as "open source," there is a subtle and strict difference between the two: True Open Source: In addition to releasing the core parameters (weights), the team usually must completely disclose all raw training datasets, training code, and data-cleaning pipelines. Open-Weights: The developing company protects its commercial secrets by not releasing the raw training data, but they make the final trained results (the weight parameters) available to the community for free or under specific licensing conditions. (Google)

中國最高情報機構負責人警告人工智能威脅黨的統治（2/2）

Recently The New York Times reported the following:

China’s Top Spy Chief Warns A.I. Is a Threat to Party Rule (2/2)

Even as Beijing urges the United States not to hype the dangers of A.I., its own spy chief is framing the technology as a threat to the Communist Party’s security.

The NYT - By Lily Kuo (Lily Kuo is a China correspondent for The Times, based in Taipei.)

Sept. 14, 2026

(continue)

Attacks on China’s critical infrastructure. Mr. Chen, the spy chief, wrote that the technical and financial barriers to launching cyberattacks had been drastically lowered because of A.I. This, he said, posed “serious risks” to China’s information infrastructure. Last week, a small team of researchers in California demonstrated that risk when they disclosed a hacking tool that could take control of millions of users’ accounts on WeChat, China’s most widely used messaging app.

Leaks of sensitive information. Chinese users using foreign models could cause large-scale data leaks, the article noted. Anthropic, the company behind Claude and other A.I. models, said last week that the Chinese start-up Moonshot AI had routed queries by its users to Claude. Those queries included sensitive data, including video surveillance linked to the Chinese military, as well as proprietary information from high-profile Chinese technology companies.

More intense military competition. The U.S. military’s use of A.I. in the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran was an example of how warfare has been “fundamentally transformed,” Mr. Chen wrote. He says that whoever can harness the power of tools such as algorithms to achieve more precise sensing and targeting, “will gain the initiative on the battlefield.”

The warning adds to a growing drumbeat of concern from Chinese officials about the risks of A.I. Under Mr. Xi, China has deemed A.I. a strategic technology that is critical to the country’s development and ability to compete with the United States. At the same time, officials have begun to issue warnings and new guidelines for regulating the industry.

Previous warnings from Chinese regulators have tended to focus on specific issues, such as when the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said in July that it had detected a security risk in some versions of Anthropic’s coding tool, Claude Code. Regulators have also repeatedly warned domestic users about the risks of A.I. assistants like OpenClaw.

“This is now a much more broad-based sort of warning, not about a specific threat from this one model or this one vulnerability, but a broader paradigm shift in how A.I. will create new risk for China,” said Mr. Chan of Brookings.

“It’s about taking these new powerful tools seriously and realizing there are a lot of vulnerabilities and China needs to move faster, and also use A.I. to patch those vulnerabilities, and defend against these new powerful cyber-actors,” he said.

Even as China’s security chief was articulating the country’s concerns about A.I., its Foreign Ministry was accusing U.S. companies of hyping the dangers of the technology.

That was in response to calls by some Western A.I. executives like Dario Amodei, the chief executive of Anthropic, for Washington to clamp down on Chinese companies.

In an open letter over the weekend, Mr. Amodei said that democracies must keep their lead over China. He backed restrictions on selling powerful A.I. chips to the country, among other measures to slow China’s progress enough to widen America’s lead.

Asked if China’s A.I. industry posed a threat to the United States, Guo Jiakun, a spokesman for China’s Foreign Ministry, said on Monday that such “threat narratives” and “malicious competition” would only make it harder for countries to work together on the regulation of A.I.

In an editorial on Sunday, the Communist Party-run tabloid, the Global Times, said that China played a central role as one of the world’s main suppliers of A.I. tools. It described Mr. Amodei’s call for the United States to contain China’s development as an “unrealistic delusion.”

Translation

中國最高情報機構負責人警告人工智能威脅黨的統治（2/2）

儘管北京敦促美國不要誇大人工智能的危險性，但中國最高情報機構負責人卻將這項技術視為共產黨安全的威脅

（繼續）

攻擊中國關鍵基礎設施。中國最高情報機構負責人Chen先生撰文指出，由於人工智能的出現，發動網絡攻擊的技術和經濟門檻已大幅降低。他表示，這給中國的資訊基礎設施帶來了「嚴重風險」。上週，加州一個小型研究團隊披露了一種駭客工具，該工具可以控制中國最廣泛使用的即時通訊應用微信上數百萬用戶的帳戶，證明了這種風險。

敏感資訊外洩。文章指出，中國用戶使用外國人工智能模型可能導致大規模資料外洩。開發了Claude 和其他人工智能模型的 Anthropic 公司上週表示，中國新創公司 Moonshot AI 將其用戶的查詢轉給 Claude。這些查詢包含敏感數據，例如與中國軍方相關的視訊監控數據，以及來自知名中國科技公司的專有資訊。

軍事競爭日趨激烈。Chen先生寫道，美國軍方在美以伊戰爭中使用人工智能，就是一個戰爭形式「發生根本性轉變」的例證。他表示，誰能駕馭演算法等工具的力量，實施更精準的感知和目標定位，「誰就能在戰場上掌握主動權」。

這項警告加劇了中國官員對人工智能風險日益增長的擔憂。在習近平主席的領導下，中國已將人工智能視為一項戰略技術，認為其對國家發展和與美國競爭至關重要。同時，官方已開始發佈警告和新的行業監管指南。

先前，中國監管機構的警告往往側重於具體問題，例如，工業和資訊化部在7月表示，已在Anthropic公司的編碼工具 Claude Code 的某些版本中檢測到安全風險。監管機構也曾多次警告國內用戶注意 OpenClaw 等人工智能助理的風險。

Brookings 學會的 Chan:「現在的警告範圍更廣，不再是針對某個特定模型或某個漏洞的具體威脅，而是針對人工智能將為中國帶來新風險的更廣泛的範式轉變」。

Chan 說:「關鍵在於認真對待這些強大的新工具，意識到其中存在許多漏洞，中國需要加快步伐，並利用人工智能來修補這些漏洞，抵禦這些強大的網絡攻擊者」。

就在中國國家安全局局長闡述中國對人工智能的擔憂之際，中國外交部卻指責美國公司誇大這項技術的危險性。

這是對一些西方人工智能高管，例如 Anthropic 執行長 Dario Amodei，呼籲華盛頓限制中國公司的回應。

Amodei 在週末發表的一封公開信中表示，民主國家必須保持對中國的領先地位。他支持限制向中國出售高性能人工智能晶片，並支持採取其他措施來減緩中國的發展速度，從而擴大美國的領先優勢。

當被問及中國的人工智能產業是否對美國構成威脅時，中國外交部發言人 Guo Jiakun 週一表示，這種「威脅論調」和「惡意競爭」只會讓各國在人工智能監管方面更難合作。

週日，中共官方小報《環球時報》發表社論稱，中國是世界人工智能工具的主要供應國之一，發揮核心作用。社論稱，Amodei 呼籲美國遏制中國發展的言論是「不切實際的幻想」。

              So, China’s top spy chief has warned that artificial intelligence could pose a direct threat to the Chinese Communist Party’s hold on power. The unusually blunt assessment is in contrast to the warnings dominating the A.I. debate in the United States, which have focused on the possibility that A.I. could slip out of human control or pose a threat to humanity itself. Apparently, Beijing is going into these talks viewing A.I. safety not as a shared humanitarian mission, but through an adversarial lens. It is making clear that, as far as China is concerned, data sovereignty and political security will never be traded away for international safety accords.

Note:

1. Brookings in its website states that “Brookings equips decisionmakers with nonpartisan research and policy strategies to create a more prosperous and secure country and world.” Furthermore, “At the core of our mission is the quality, independence, and impact of our research. We are dedicated to finding bold, pragmatic solutions for societal challenges through open-minded inquiry, diverse perspectives, and holding ourselves to the highest standards of scholastic rigor. Because of this, Brookings has been at the forefront of public policy for more than a century”. (https://www.brookings.edu/about-us/)

中國最高情報機構負責人警告人工智能威脅黨的統治（1/2）

Recently The New York Times reported the following:

China’s Top Spy Chief Warns A.I. Is a Threat to Party Rule (1/2)

Even as Beijing urges the United States not to hype the dangers of A.I., its own spy chief is framing the technology as a threat to the Communist Party’s security.

The NYT - By Lily Kuo (Lily Kuo is a China correspondent for The Times, based in Taipei.)

Sept. 14, 2026

China’s top spy chief has warned that artificial intelligence could pose a direct threat to the Chinese Communist Party’s hold on power, in what is the highest-level and most detailed articulation yet of how Beijing sees the technology’s security risks.

The unusually blunt assessment by Chen Yixin, the head of China’s Ministry of State Security, is in contrast to the warnings dominating the A.I. debate in the United States, which have focused on the possibility that A.I. could slip out of human control or pose a threat to humanity itself.

In an article published on Sunday in the state-run magazine China Cyberspace, Mr. Chen called for more party control over A.I. and stricter government oversight. This, he said, was necessary to protect political stability at home; to defend against increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks and misinformation campaigns from “hostile forces”; and to compete militarily with countries like the United States.

Mr. Chen referred specifically to U.S. tech companies and their A.I. models — like Claude Mythos and GPT-5.5-Cyber — as examples of new threats to cybersecurity. He also described the danger that foreign intelligence agencies might use A.I. for “large-scale espionage” and attacks on China’s critical infrastructure.

The warning from the powerful security agency makes clear that China sees foreign A.I. models as an active threat to China, according to Henry Gao, a law professor at Singapore Management University. That effectively draws a red line before talks between American and Chinese officials on A.I. safety risks, expected ahead of a meeting between President Trump and China’s leader, Xi Jinping, on Sept. 24 in Washington.

“Beijing is going into these talks viewing A.I. safety not as a shared humanitarian mission, but through an adversarial lens,” Mr. Gao said. It is making clear to Chinese tech firms and foreign rivals that “data sovereignty and political security will never be traded away for international safety accords,” he added.

Mr. Chen’s remarks are not the first time the security agency has spoken about the dangers of A.I., but they are the most comprehensive and signal Beijing’s growing concern about the industry. The security chief outlined several ways that A.I. could pose a threat to China:

Undermining the security of the Communist Party. The government’s top priority has long been maintaining the power of the ruling party. Mr. Chen’s article warns that those with “ulterior motives” could use A.I. to generate fake videos and audio to wage a “propaganda war” against China.

“They’re worried, among other things, of say a deepfake of a Chinese official saying something that wasn’t actually said, and that spreading rapidly and destabilizing everything,” said Kyle Chan, a fellow at the Brookings Institution who studies Chinese technology and industrial policy. “Someone thinks that Xi Jinping made some announcement which he didn’t actually. That could sow chaos.”

(to be continued)

Translation

中國最高情報機構負責人警告人工智能威脅黨的統治（1/2）

儘管北京敦促美國不要誇大人工智能的危險性，但其自身的情報機構負責人卻將這項技術視為對共產黨安全的威脅

中國最高情報機構負責人警告稱，人工智能可能對中國共產黨的統治構成直接威脅。這是迄今為止北京方面對此技術安全風險看法的最高層、最詳細的闡述。

中國國家安全部部長Chen Yixin的這番異常直白的評估，與美國人工智能辯論中佔據主導地位的警告形成鮮明對比。美國的警告主要集中在人工智能可能失控或對人類本身構成威脅的可能性。

Chen先生週日在官方雜誌《中國網絡空間》發表文章，呼籲加強黨對人工智能的控制，並加強政府監管。他表示，這對於維護國內政治穩定、抵禦「敵對勢力」日益複雜的網絡攻擊和虛假資訊宣傳，以及與美國等國進行軍事競爭至關重要。

Chen先生特別提到美國科技公司及其人工智能模型 - 例如 Claude Mythos 和 GPT-5.5-Cyber​​ - 是網路安全面臨的新威脅。他還指出，外國情報機構可能利用人工智能進行 “大規模間諜活動” ，並攻擊中國的關鍵基礎設施。

新加坡管理 大學 法學教授 Henry Gao 表示，來自這個強大的安全機構的警告清楚地表明，中國將外國人工智能模型視為對中國的直接威脅。這其實為預計中美官員在特朗普總統與中國國家主席習近平9月24日於華盛頓會晤前夕，就人工智能問題展開對話劃下了一條紅線。

Gao 先生表示: 「北京參與這些會談時，並非將人工智能安全視為一項共同的人道主義使命，而是以對抗的視角看待它」。他還補充說，中國正在向其科技公司和外國競爭對手明確表示， “數據主權和政治安全絕不會為了國際安全協議而妥協。”

Chen 先生的這番言論並非中國國家安全局首次談及人工智能的危險性，但卻是最全面的一次，也顯示北京對該產業的擔憂日益加劇。這位安全局局長列舉了人工智能可能對中國構成威脅有幾個方面：

損害共產黨的安全。長期以來，維護執政黨的權力一直是政府的首要任務。Chen先生的文章警告說，那些「別有用心」的人可能會利用人工智能生成虛假視頻和音頻，對中國發動「宣傳戰」。

布魯金斯學會研究中國科技和產業政策的研究員 Kyle Chan 說:「他們擔心的是，例如有人用深度偽造技術偽造中國官員的言論，而這些言論實際上並未說過，並且這種偽造內容迅速傳播，破壞一切穩定」; 「有人誤以為習近平發表了某些他實際上並未發表的聲明。這可能會引發混亂」。

（待續）

早期數據顯示人工智能產生的藥物或可延緩衰老

Recently The New York Times reported the following:

Early Data Indicates an A.I.-Generated Drug Could Slow Aging

Artificial intelligence was used to help develop a drug candidate, rentosertib, for a rare lung condition. Its maker says the drug also seems to reduce the biological hallmarks of age.

The NYT - By Cade Metz - Reporting from San Francisco (Cade Metz is a Times reporter who writes about artificial intelligence, driverless cars, robotics, virtual reality and other emerging areas of technology.)

Sept. 7, 2026

Last year, a clinical trial conducted by Insilico Medicine, a company that aims to accelerate drug discovery using artificial intelligence, indicated that one of its drug candidates could help treat patients suffering from a chronic lung disease.

Now, the company says that data from the same clinical trial shows a more intriguing possibility: that the drug could also slow the aging process.

The molecular structure of the drug, called rentosertib, was generated with the assistance of A.I. Results of the new study, published Monday in the journal Nature Biotechnology, show that the drug reduced the biological markers of age as measured by six “aging clocks,” a different kind of A.I. technology designed to predict a person’s morbidity and mortality.

This elaborate clinical trial is a milestone in the widespread effort to improve health care using the same A.I. techniques that underpin popular chatbots like ChatGPT and image generators like Midjourney. Insilico is just one of many start-ups, tech giants and academic labs working to accelerate drug discovery and hone other medical tasks with help from these methods.

The recent rise of aging clocks is helping to push these efforts beyond short-term treatments and into the realm of longevity research. These systems estimate how quickly a person’s body is aging — or even how quickly individual organs are aging relative to the rest of the body. But scientists continue to debate how much useful information these so-called clocks are able to provide.

While Insilico’s clinical trial shows the promise of several A.I. techniques, its drug candidate could still be years away from regulatory approval, even for use in sick patients. And the company has not yet tested its anti-aging effects in healthy patients.

“This drug looks encouraging,” said Eric Topol, a cardiologist and the author of the book “Super Agers.” “But we do not yet have a definitive trial to make the final judgment.”

Insilico began exploring the new wave of A.I. technologies more than a decade ago. Founded in 2014 by Alex Zhavoronkov, a Latvian-Canadian mathematician, physicist and biotechnologist, the company was among the earlier efforts to streamline drug discovery using what are called neural networks.

Using techniques similar to those that train A.I. systems like ChatGPT, Insilico first built a model to analyze a giant pool of data spanning health records for thousands of medical patients; blood tests describing the microscopic proteins created inside their bodies; and myriad academic papers detailing the effects of these proteins. With this system, the company is trying to identify particular proteins that lead to illness and disease.

Insilico then built a second system that analyzes troves of data describing the physical shape of proteins and the way these tiny biological mechanisms bind to other molecules. This system is designed to generate entirely new molecules that could bind to a particular drug target and neutralize its effects.

“It is like scanning a lock and generating a key that fits the lock,” Dr. Zhavoronkov said in an interview.

This is how he and his company developed rentosertib, which is meant to treat a disease called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or I.P.F. Sometimes called “the Alzheimer’s of the lungs,” I.P.F. is a chronic disease that thickens and scars pulmonary tissue, reducing its ability to move oxygen into the bloodstream. The condition can lead to death, even within a few years.

Last year, with its clinical trial, Insilico showed that its drug candidate could significantly expand air capacity inside the lungs of patients who had I.P.F. But that was only part of the trial. Dr. Zhavoronkov said his company also designed the drug in an effort to generally extend a patient’s life span.

Separate from the tests involving I.P.F., the trial used six aging clocks to measure the markers of age in patients both before and after treatment with the drug. Across the 43 patients who participated in the trial, the clocks — which essentially try to predict a person’s age based on measurements of how well their cell, tissues and organs are functioning — showed significant reductions in the predicted age.

Each clock relies on a different analysis of those markers that yields a different prediction. During the trial, all six clocks showed a reduction in predicted age after patients took the drug for 12 weeks.

“This is the first study that shows, very clearly, that predicted biological age can be reduced,” said Vadim Gladyshev, a Harvard Medical School professor who helped build one of these aging clocks.

He acknowledged, however, that the study was far from conclusive, pointing out that the sample size was small and that aging clocks are not always reliable. Most notably, Insilico’s drug has not yet been tested in healthy patients: Because the company conducted its clinical trial solely with I.P.F. patients, the results could be unique to those with this particular condition.

But some experts believe that Insilico’s elaborate study could serve as a blueprint for future longevity research.

“These are methods we will use in future trials,” said Evelyne Bischof, a professor of medicine at Tel Aviv University who specializes in longevity.

Translation

早期數據顯示人工智能產生的藥物或可延緩衰老

人工智能被用於輔助開發一種名為 rentosertib 的候選藥物，用於治療一種罕見的肺部疾病。其研發者表示，該藥物似乎還能減少老化的生物學特徵。

去年，一家名為 Insilico Medicine 的公司進行的臨床試驗表明，該公司的一種候選藥物可能有助於治療慢性肺部疾病患者。 Insilico Medicine 致力於利用人工智能加速藥物研發。

如今，該公司表示，來自同一臨床試驗的數據顯示出更令人感興趣的可能性：該藥物或許還能延緩老化過程。

這種名為 rentosertib 的藥物的分子結構是在人工智能的輔助下產生的。這項週一發表在《自然·生物技術》雜誌上的新研究結果顯示，該藥物降低了六種「老化時鐘」所測量的生物年齡標記。 「老化時鐘」是一種人工智能技術，旨在預測人們的發病率和死亡率。

這項精心設計的臨床試驗是利用人工智能技術改善醫療保健這項廣泛努力的一個里程碑。這些人工智能技術也應用於 ChatGPT 等熱門聊天機器人和 Midjourney 等影像產生器。 Insilico 只是眾多致力於利用這些方法加速藥物研發，並改善其他醫療任務的新創公司、科技巨頭和學術實驗室之一。

老化時鐘的興起正推動這些研究超越短期治療，邁向長壽研究領域。這些系統可以估算人體老化的速度，甚至可以估算單一器官相對於身體其他部位的老化速度。但科學家仍在爭論這些所謂的「時鐘」究竟能提供多少有用的信息。

儘管 Insilico 的臨床試驗展現了多項人工智能技術的潛力，但其候選藥物距離獲得監管部門批准可能仍需數年時間，即使是用于重病患者。而且，該公司尚未在健康的受試者身上測試其抗衰老效果。

心臟病專家、《超級老齡者》(Super Agers)  一書的作者 Eric Topol 說: “這種藥物看起來很有希望”，“但我們還沒有進行最終的臨床試驗來做出最終判斷。”

Insilico 公司在十多年前就開始探索新一代人工智能技術。該公司由拉脫維亞裔加拿大籍數學家、物理學家和生物技術專家 Alex Zhavoronkov 於 2014 年創立，是早期利用神經網絡去使藥物研發流程達到更有效率的公司之一。

Insilico 公司採用類似於訓練 ChatGPT 等人工智能系統的技術，首先建立了一個模型來分析龐大的資料池，這些資料包括數千名患者的健康記錄、描述其體內產生的微小蛋白質的血液檢測結果，以及大量詳細闡述這些蛋白質作用的學術論文。利用這套系統，該公司正試圖辨識導致疾病的特定蛋白質。

隨後，Insilico 構建了第二個系統，用於分析海量數據，這些數據描述了蛋白質的物理結構以及這些微小的生物機制與其他分子的結合方式。這個系統是用來生成全新的分子，這些分子可以結合特定藥物的目標對像並消滅它。

Zhavoronkov 博士在一次採訪中說道: 「這就像先掃描一把鎖，然後造出一支可開啓它的鑰匙」。

他和他的公司正是利用這種方法開發了 rentosertib，一種用於治療特發性肺纖維化（IPF）的藥物。 IPF 有時被稱為 “肺部阿茲海默症” ，是一種慢性疾病，會導致肺組織增厚和形成疤痕，從而降低肺部將氧氣輸送到血液的能力。這種疾病甚至可能在幾年內導致死亡。

去年，Insilico公司透過臨床試驗表明，其候選藥物能夠顯著擴大特發性肺纖維化（IPF）患者的肺部容量。但這只是試驗的一部分。 Zhavoronkov 博士表示，該公司研發該藥物的另一個目的是延長患者的壽命。

除了針對IPF的試驗外，該試驗還使用了六種老化時鐘來測量患者在用藥前後各項年齡指標的變化。在參與試驗的43名患者中，這些時鐘 - 它們本質上是根據測量一個人的細胞、組織和器官運作情況來預測其屬於的年紀- 顯示預測的年齡有顯著降低。

每種老化時鐘都基於不同的指標分析方法，因此預測結果也不同。試驗期間，所有六種老化時鐘均顯示，患者服用藥物12週後，預測年齡有所降低。

曾參與建造了其中一個衰老時鐘的哈佛醫學院教授 Vadim Gladyshev 說道:「這是第一個研究非常清楚地表明預測的生物年齡是可以下降的」。

然而，他也承認這項研究遠未得出結論，指出樣本量較小，而且老化時鐘並非總是可靠的。尤其值得注意的是，Insilico公司的藥物尚未在健康的受試者中進行測試：由於該公司僅針對特發性肺纖維化（IPF）患者開展了臨床試驗，因此研究結果可能僅適用於患有這種特定疾病的患者。

但一些專家認為，Insilico 公司這項精心設計的研究可以為未來的長壽研究提供藍圖。

特拉維夫大學的專門研究長壽的醫學教授 Evelyne Bischof 說:「這些是我們在未來試驗將會採用的方法」。

So, a clinical trial conducted by Insilico Medicine has indicated that one of its drug candidates could help treat patients suffering from a chronic lung disease. Now, the company says that data from the same clinical trial shows a more intriguing possibility: that the drug could also slow the aging process. However, it is also acknowledged that the study is far from conclusive as the sample size is small and that aging clocks are not always reliable. Yet, Insilico’s study could probably serve as a blueprint for future longevity research.

Note:

1. The core idea of the book entitled Super Agers: An Evidence-Based Approach to Longevity written by Dr. Eric Topol is that science and technology have converged to create a breakthrough moment where we can significantly extend human "healthspan"—the number of years lived free from debilitating chronic disease—rather than just extending lifespan.  (Google)

China's August Exports Rise 25%; Trade Surplus Continues to Expand

Recently NHK News on-line reported the following:

中国 8月の輸出額25％増加 貿易黒字は拡大傾向続く

2026年9月8日 20:36

中国

中国の8月の輸出額は、半導体の輸出が伸びたことなどから去年の同じ月と比べて25％増えました。好調な輸出にけん引され、貿易黒字は拡大傾向が続いています。

中国の税関当局が8日発表した貿易統計によりますと、8月の輸出額はドル換算で4014億ドルと、去年の同じ月と比べて25％増え、5か月連続でふた桁の伸び率を記録しました。

これは世界的なAI需要の拡大を背景に半導体を含む集積回路の輸出額が大きく伸びたほか、EV＝電気自動車などの輸出が増えたことが主な要因です。

国・地域別では、アメリカ向けの輸出が34％、ASEAN＝東南アジア諸国連合向けが30％、それぞれ大幅に増えたほか、EU＝ヨーロッパ連合向けは6％増加しました。

一方、全体の輸入額は28.2％増えて2823億ドルとなり、輸出から輸入を差し引いた貿易収支は1190億ドルの黒字でした。

中国の貿易黒字は、輸出の大幅な増加に伴って拡大傾向が続いていて、ことし1月から8月までの累計の貿易黒字は8000億ドルを超えました。

本との貿易についてはレアアース磁石などの一部の品目の輸出が減少していますが、全体では輸出が8％、輸入は20％、それぞれ増えました。

Translation

China's August Exports Rise 25%; Trade Surplus Continues to Expand

September 8, 2026, 20:36

China

China's exports in August rose by 25% year-on-year, driven by factors such as increased semiconductor shipments. Fueled by this strong export performance, the country's trade surplus continues to expand.

According to trade statistics released by Chinese customs authorities on the 8th, the value of exports in August reached $401.4 billion (in US dollar terms)—a 25% increase compared to the same month last year—marking the fifth consecutive month of double-digit growth.

Key factors behind this rise include a significant increase in exports of integrated circuits (including semiconductors), driven by expanding global demand for AI as well as increased exports of electric vehicles (EVs).

By country and region, exports to the United States surged by 34% and those to ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) by 30%, while exports to the EU (European Union) rose by 6%.

Meanwhile, total imports increased by 28.2% to $282.3 billion, resulting in a trade surplus of $119 billion, calculated by subtracting imports from exports.

China's trade surplus continues to widen alongside the substantial growth in exports; the cumulative trade surplus for the period from January to August of this year has exceeded $800 billion.

On the other hand, regarding trade with Japan, while exports of certain items—such as rare-earth magnets—declined, overall exports to Japan rose by 8% and imports from Japan increased by 20%.

So, China's exports in August rose by 25% year-on-year, driven by factors such as increased semiconductor shipments. Because of this strong export performance, the country's trade surplus continued to expand. On the other hand, overall exports to Japan rose by 8% and imports from Japan increased by 20%.