WHO announces the end of the new corona "Emergency Declaration"

Recently NHK News on-line reported the following:

WHO 新型コロナ「緊急事態宣言」終了を発表

2023年5月5日 23時37分

WHO＝世界保健機関のテドロス事務局長は、5日、新型コロナウイルスの感染拡大を受けて出している「国際的に懸念される公衆衛生上の緊急事態」の宣言を終了すると発表しました。

これは、5日の会見でWHOのテドロス事務局長が明らかにしました。

WHOは新型コロナウイルスの感染拡大を受けて、2020年1月、「国際的に懸念される公衆衛生上の緊急事態」を宣言し、これを受けて各国は感染対策やワクチン接種などの対応を強化してきました。

WHOは、4日、専門家による委員会を開き、この宣言を解除できるか検討しました。

テドロス事務局長は死亡率が低下し、医療システムへの負担が減少するなど、多くの国で生活が通常に戻っていると指摘した上で委員会はこうした現状を踏まえて宣言の終了を勧告したということです。

これを受けて、テドロス事務局長は会見で「勧告を受け入れ、緊急事態の終了を宣言する」と述べました。

一方で、「これは新型コロナがもう世界的な脅威ではないという意味ではない。ウイルスは命を奪い続けている」と強調しました。

そのうえで、「各国は緊急態勢から、新型コロナを他の感染症と同様に管理するように移行する時期が来た」と述べ、警戒を解かないよう、呼びかけました。

3年前の1月からおよそ3年3か月にわたって出されていた緊急事態宣言の終了が決まり、世界の新型コロナ対策は大きな節目を迎えたことになります。

政府分科会 尾身会長「判断は適切 ただ終息した訳ではない」

WHO＝世界保健機関が「国際的に懸念される公衆衛生上の緊急事態」の宣言を終了すると発表したことについて、政府分科会の尾身茂会長は「世界的に感染者数が少しずつ減り、直近では亡くなる人の数も減って医療の負荷が軽減されてきている。日本でも感染症法上の位置づけを『5類』に移行する対応をとる中でもあり、WHOの判断は適切なのではないか」と述べました。

その上で「ただ、これで新型コロナの感染が終わった、終息したという訳ではない。今後、感染が低いレベルに向かっていくことを期待したいが、これからも感染者数が急増し、医療がひっ迫する事態になってしまうこともあり得る。市民自身が個人の判断で、いままでの経験を元に感染リスクの高い行動を控えめにするなどの対応をとることが、これまでと変わらず有効な対策になると思う」と指摘しました。

Translation

WHO = World Health Organization Director-General Tedros announced on the 5th that the declaration of a "public health emergency of international concern" due to the spread of the new coronavirus came to an end.

This was announced by WHO Director-General Tedros at a press conference on May 5.

In response to the spread of the new coronavirus, the WHO declared a "public health emergency of international concern" in January 2020, and in response, all countries strengthened measures they had taken, such as infection control and vaccination.

WHO held a committee of experts on the 4th to consider whether this declaration could be lifted.

Director-General Tedros said life had returned to normal in many countries, with mortality rates falling and strains on health care systems easing, and based on these circumstances, the committee recommended that the declaration be terminated.

In response to this, Director-General Tedros said at a press conference, ``I accept the recommendations and declare the end of the emergency.''

On the other hand, he stressed that he "doesn't mean Covid-19 is no longer a global threat. The virus continues to take lives."

Moreover, he said, ``The time has come for each country to transition from an emergency to manage the new corona like other infectious diseases,'' and called for caution and not to let your guard down.

The decision to end the state of emergency, which had been in effect for three years and three months since January three years ago, marked a major milestone for the world's countermeasures against the novel coronavirus.

Government Subcommittee Chairman Omi -"The judgment is appropriate, but it is not the end"

Regarding WHO = the World Health Organization announcement of ending the declaration of a `` public health emergency of international concern '', Shigeru Omi, chairman of the government subcommittee, said, ``The number of infected people is gradually decreasing worldwide. Recently, the number of people who have died has decreased, and the burden on medical care has been reduced. Japan is also taking steps to shift the status of infectious diseases to "Category 5" under the Infectious Diseases Law, so the WHO's decision may be appropriate. '

On top of that, he pointed out that, "However, while this is the end of the new corona virus, it doesn't mean it's over. I hope that in future it will become a low level infection, the number of infected people will continue to increase rapidly, and this may end up in a medical emergency. It is still effective for citizens themselves to make their own judgments and take measures such as refraining from actions that pose a high risk of infection based on past experiences. I think that this will be an effective countermeasure as before." he said.

              So, the World Health Organization announces that the spread of the new coronavirus has come to the end as a "public health emergency of international concern". I agree with the comments of Shigeru Omi that this does not mean the impact of the new corona infection is over.

Note:

Shigeru Omi (born June 11, 1949) is the President of the Japan Community Health Care Organization. He previously served as Regional Director of the Western Pacific Regional Office for the World Health Organization. He has been a member of the World Health Organization Executive Board since 2013. (Wikipedia)

中國航母 “角色”扮演 ，但威脅不大 (2/2)

Recently Yahoo News on-line reported the following:

China's aircraft carriers play 'theatrical' role but pose little threat yet (2/2)

Fri, May 5, 2023 at 2:04 a.m. GMT+1

By Greg Torode, Eduardo Baptista and Tim Kelly

(continue)

The carrier program reflects the ruling Communist Party's aim of making the People's Liberation Army (PLA) a "world class" military by 2049, part of President Xi Jinping's vision of building "a great modern socialist country".

One indication of China's ambitions, the attaches said, will be if carriers built after the Fujian are nuclear-powered like U.S. ones, allowing global range.

A study published in December by the non-partisan U.S. Congressional Research Service noted that China would use its carriers to project power "particularly in scenarios that do not involve opposing U.S. forces" and "to impress or intimidate foreign observers".

Several countries operate aircraft carriers but the U.S. remains the most dominant, running 11 carrier battlegroups with global reach.

China, by contrast, could use its carriers primarily in the Asian theatre, working in tandem with submarines and anti-ship missiles to attempt to control its near seas.

The Shandong's appearance off Taiwan's east coast to stage mock strikes last month surprised some analysts, given the island's proximity to land-based airfields. But, in the short term at least, China's military would struggle to defend the carrier out in the western Pacific in a clash with U.S. and allied forces.

"China's objective with the deployment of the Shandong is clear, it is a symbol of its political anger" over U.S. engagement with Taiwan, said Yoji Koda, a retired admiral who commanded the Japanese fleet.

In a battle, he said, it "would be a very good target for U.S. and Japanese forces, and they would take it down at the very beginning."

A U.S. defence official, speaking on the condition of anonymity as they were not authorised to talk publicly, said while China had made progress with its carriers, it had yet to master operations in difficult conditions or how to protect the vessels.

One question was how the ships would be relevant in a conflict, the official said.

HOPES AND SHORTCOMINGS

Chinese military and government researchers appear aware of the challenges, according to a Reuters review of over 100 recent articles published in dozens of publicly available Chinese defence journals.

The official PLA Daily in October published an interview with an aircraft carrier aviation unit where the deputy chief of staff, Dai Xing, acknowledged "many shortcomings in preparing for war", and a gap between sailors' training level and combat requirements.

A September editorial published in a magazine run by a PLA weapons manufacturer, titled "Four great advantages the PLA has in attacking Taiwan", did not mention the role of Chinese carriers. Instead, it said, China's land-based ballistic missiles would be enough to overwhelm potential intervention from U.S. carriers.

Two earlier editorials in the same publication, Tank and Armoured Vehicle, noted that China's carriers would remain in their infancy for the foreseeable future and that other surface ships would be more useful in a conflict in the East China Sea.

Other articles in similar publications outline pilot recruitment and training problems, vulnerabilities to submarine attack and command issues - which some foreign analysts say is a problem for a navy that still sails with political commissars with executive authority.

When at sea, U.S. carriers fly almost constantly, routinely operating fighter, electronic-warfare and surveillance aircraft to create a protective screen around the battlegroup.

Beyond the expense and danger of such operations, one key element is mastering devolved command systems, particularly in a crisis such as a fire or crash onboard when planes are airborne and the flight deck is disabled.

The U.S. has spent decades perfecting such systems, having expanded carrier operations after their importance was highlighted in the Allied victory over Japan in the Pacific in World War Two.

"The continuous operation of its carriers sits at the very core of what makes the U.S. military absolutely preeminent," said Singapore-based defence analyst Alexander Neill, an adjunct fellow with Hawaii's Pacific Forum think tank.

In the medium term, China is likely to start sending battlegroups into the Indian Ocean, where China's presence is minimal beyond routine submarine operations, the attaches and defence analysts said.

Operating far from the security of land-based airfields would test China's capability, but preparations are underway.

The pier at China's first major offshore military base in Djibouti was recently extended, and could now fit a carrier, the Pentagon report noted.

Translation

（繼續）

航母計劃反映了執政的共產黨到 2049 年使人民解放軍成為“世界一流”軍隊的目標，這是習近平主席建設“偉大的社會主義現代化國家”願景的一部分。

武官表示，中國雄心的一個跡像是，福建號之後建造的航母是否像美國航母一樣是核動力航母，航程可以覆蓋全球。

無黨派的美國國會研究局 12 月發表的一項研究指出，中國將利用其航母投射力量， “特別是在不涉及對抗美軍的情況下”, 以及 “去引起欽佩和尊重, 或恐嚇外國觀察家”。

一些國家亦都擁有航空母艦，但美國仍然在主導地位，它有 11 個具有全球影響力的航母戰鬥群。

相比之下，中國會主要在亞洲軍事區域使用其航母，與潛艇和反艦導彈協同作戰，試圖控制其近海。

山東艦上個月出現在台灣東海岸附近進行模擬打擊令一些分析人士感到意外,由於台灣是靠近陸基機場。 但是，至少在短期內，在與美國及其盟軍發生衝突時，中國軍隊將需要花氣力去保衛在西太平洋的航母。

曾指揮日本艦隊的退役海軍上將 Yoji Koda 表示， “中國部署山東艦的目的很明確，這是其對美國與台灣接觸的政治憤怒的象徵”。

他說，在開戦時，航母 “對美國和日本軍隊來說將是一個非常好的目標，他們會在一開始就將其擊沉。”

一位因無受權而不願透露姓名的美國國防官員表示，雖然中國在航母方面取得了進展，但尚未掌握在困難條件下的操作或如何去保護艦隻。

這位官員說，一個問題是這些船隻在衝突中的作用如何。

希望和缺點

根據路透社查閱數十本中國公開發布的國防期刊上所發表的 100 多篇近期文章後發覺，中國軍方和政府研究人員似乎意識到了這些挑戰。

解放軍官方日報在 10 月刊登了對某航空母艦航空兵部隊的採訪，其中副參謀長Dai Xing,承認“備戰工作存在諸多不足”，以及艦員訓練水平與作戰要求之間的差距。

一家解放軍武器製造商經營的雜誌在 9 月份發表了題為 “解放軍在進攻台灣方面具有四大優勢”的社論，其中沒有提及中國航母的作用。 相反，它說，中國的陸基彈道導彈足以壓倒美國航母的潛在干預。 

同一出版物的兩篇早期社論《坦克和裝甲車》指出，在可預見的未來，中國的航母仍處於起步階段，其他水面艦艇在東海衝突中將更有用。

類似出版物中的其他文章概述了飛行員招募和培訓問題、潛艇攻擊的弱點和指揮問題 - 一些外國分析人士說，這對一個仍然由擁有行政權力的政治委員去運作的海軍來說是一個問題。

在海上時，美國航母幾乎不間斷地飛行，定期操作戰鬥機、電子戰偵察機，在戰鬥群周圍形成一道保護屏障。

此類操作除了費用和危險之外，一個關鍵因素是去掌握指揮系統的下放，特別是在飛機升空後,飛行甲板因發生火災或撞機等危機時不能被使用。

美國花了數十年時間完善此類系統，在盟軍在第二次世界大戰中在太平洋戰勝日本後強調了航母的重要性後，美國擴大了航母運營。

夏威夷太平洋論壇智庫兼職研究員、常駐新加坡的國防分析師 Alexander Neill 說： “其航母的持續運行是令美國軍隊絕對出眾的核心所在。”

武官和國防分析人士表示，從中期來看，中國可能會開始向印度洋派遣戰鬥群，除了例行的潛艇行動外，中國在印度洋的存在微不足道。

在遠離陸基機場安全的地方行動將考驗中國的能力，但準備工作正在進行中。

五角大樓的報告指出，中國在 Djibouti 的第一個主要離岸海上軍事基地的碼頭最近進行了擴建，現在可以容納一艘航母。

              So, Chinese military and government researchers are aware of the challenges to their carriers. They acknowledged that they still have many shortcomings in preparing for war, and there is a gap between sailors' training level and combat requirements. The U.S. has spent decades in perfecting such systems, and the continuous operation of its carriers sits at the very core of what makes the U.S. military stand out.

中國航母 “角色”扮演 ，但威脅不大 (1/2)

Recently Yahoo News on-line reported the following:

China's aircraft carriers play 'theatrical' role but pose little threat yet (1/2)

Fri, May 5, 2023 at 2:04 a.m. GMT+1

By Greg Torode, Eduardo Baptista and Tim Kelly

HONG KONG (Reuters) - When China sailed one of its two active aircraft carriers, the Shandong, east of Taiwan last month as part of military drills surrounding the island, it was showcasing a capability that it has yet to master and could take years to perfect.

As Beijing modernizes its military, its formidable missile forces and other naval vessels, such as cutting-edge cruisers, are posing a concern for the U.S. and its allies. But it could be more than a decade before China can mount a credible carrier threat far from its shores, according to four military attaches and six defence analysts familiar with regional naval deployments.

Instead, China's carriers are more of a propaganda showpiece, with doubts about their value in a possible conflict with the U.S. over Taiwan and about whether China could protect them on longer-range missions into the Pacific and Indian oceans, the attaches and analysts told Reuters.

China's Defence Ministry did not respond to questions about its carrier program, though dozens of articles in state-linked journals reviewed by Reuters reveal awareness among Chinese military analysts about shortcomings in the country's carrier capability.

While some regional press coverage, partially based on Chinese state media reports, portrayed recent drills around Taiwan as active patrols and a military challenge to the U.S. and its allies, the Chinese carriers are effectively still in training mode, eight of the experts said.

Landing of aircraft at night and in bad weather, for instance - crucial to regular offshore carrier operations - remain far from routine, several of the attaches and analysts said.

And in a conflict, China's carriers would be vulnerable to missile and submarine attacks, some of the experts said, noting the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) has not perfected protective screening operations, particularly anti-submarine warfare.

"Unlike other parts of their military modernisation, there is something politically theatrical about their carrier deployments so far," said Trevor Hollingsbee, a former British naval intelligence analyst.

"Carrier operations are a very complicated game, and China's got to figure this out all by itself. It still has a long, long way to go."

At times, China's carrier pilots have relied on land-based airfields for takeoffs or landings, as well as for extra air cover and surveillance, the attaches told Reuters on the condition of anonymity as they were not authorised to speak publicly.

And though China's Liaoning and Shandong carriers have each sailed into the western Pacific in recent months, approaching U.S. bases on Guam, they remained within range of coastal Chinese airfields, according to Rira Momma, professor of security studies at Takushoku University's Institute of World Studies, who reviewed Japanese defence ministry tracking data.

Both the Liaoning - a refitted ex-Soviet vessel - and the Chinese-built Shandong have jump ramps for take offs, which limit the number and range of aircraft on board.

Anti-submarine helicopters operate from both carriers and China's Type 055 cruisers but the carriers have yet to deploy an early warning aircraft, relying so far on land-based planes, the 10 experts said.

A new plane, the KJ-600, designed to perform a similar role to the E-2C/D Hawkeye launched from U.S. carriers, is still in testing, according to the Pentagon's latest annual report on China's military.

FROM SKI JUMPS TO CATAPULTS

As the Liaoning and Shandong gradually increase the tempo of their drills, China is preparing for sea trials of its next-generation carrier, the 80,000-tonne Fujian, state media reported last month. The Fujian is significantly larger, though conventionally powered, and will launch aircraft from electromagnetic catapults.

The ship, which the Pentagon report said could be operational by 2024, is expected to carry new variants of the J-15 jet fighter, replacing the existing model that foreign analysts consider underpowered.

"The Fujian, with its more modern capabilities, will be just another test bed for a good few years," said Collin Koh, a defence scholar at Singapore's S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies.

"It won't be until we see the next generation of carriers that the Chinese designs and the PLAN's intentions will really settle down."

(to be continued)

Translation

香港（路透社）- 當中國兩艘現役航空母艦之一 - 山東號 - 上個月在台灣東部作為環島軍事演習的一部分航行時，它炫耀了一種它尚未掌握, 並且可能需要數年時間才能完美地掌握的能力。

隨著北京對其軍隊進行現代化改造，其強大的導彈部隊和尖端巡洋艦等其他海軍艦艇正引起美國及其盟友的擔憂。 但據四名武官和六名熟悉地區海軍部署的國防分析人士稱，中國可能需要十多年的時間才能在遠離其海岸的地方發起可信的航母威脅。

這些武官和分析人士告訴路透社，中國的航母更像是一個宣傳品，人們懷疑它們在與美國就台灣可能發生的衝突中的價值，以及中國是否可以保護它們去執行更遠距離的太平洋和印度洋任務.

中國國防部沒有回應有關其航母計劃的問題，儘管路透社看到的與國家相關的期刊上的數十篇文章顯示，中國軍事分析人士意識到中國航母能力的弱點。

八位專家表示，雖然部分地區媒體報導（部分基於中國官方媒體報導）將最近在台灣附近的演習描述為積極巡邏和對美國及其盟友的軍事挑戰，但中國航母實際上仍處於訓練模式。

一些武官和分析人士表示，例如，飛機在夜間和惡劣天氣下降落 - 這對海上航母的正常運營至關重要 - 仍然距離例行操作甚遠。

一些專家表示，在衝突中，中國的航母很容易受到導彈和潛艇的攻擊，並指出中國人民解放軍海軍 (PLAN) 尚未完善保護性篩查行動，尤其是反潛戰。

前英國海軍情報分析師 Trevor Hollingsbee 說: “與他們軍事現代化的其他部分不同，到目前為止，他們的航母部署在政治上有些戲劇化” 。

“航母運營是一個非常複雜的遊戲，中國必須自己解決這個問題。它還有很長很長的路要走。”

由於未獲公開發言授權而不願透露姓名的一些武官告訴路透社，有時，中國的航母飛行員依靠陸基機場進行起飛或降落，以及進行額外的空中掩護和監視。

拓殖大学海外事情研究所教授 (Takushoku University's Institute of World Studies) Rira Momma ， 在審查了日本防衛省的跟踪數據後表示，雖然中國的遼寧艦和山東艦最近幾個月分別駛入西太平洋，接近美國在關島的基地，但它們仍在中國沿海機場的航程之內。

遼寧艦 - 一艘改裝的前蘇聯船隻 - 和中國建造的山東艦都有起飛用的跳板，這限制了機載飛機的數量和航程。

10 位專家表示，航母和中國的 055 型巡洋艦都配備了反潛直升機，但航母尚未部署預警機，目前仍依賴陸基飛機。

根據五角大樓關於中國軍方的最新年度報告，一架名為 KJ-600 的新型飛機仍在測試中，該飛機旨在執行與從美國航母彈射的 E-2C/D 鷹眼類似的任務。

從滑跳台到彈射器

據官方媒體上月報導，隨著遼寧艦和山東艦的演習節奏逐漸加快，中國正準備對其下一代航母 - 8 萬噸級的福建艦進行海試。 福建號雖然採用常規動力，但要大得多，並且將用電磁彈射器彈射飛機。

五角大樓的報告稱，這艘戰艦將於 2024 年投入使用，預計將搭載 J-15 噴氣式戰鬥機的新型號，以取代外國分析人士認為動力不足的現有型號。

新加坡 S. Rajaratnam 國際研究學院的國防學者 Collin Koh 說： “福建號擁有更現代化的能力，未來幾年將只是另一個試驗台。”

“直到我們看到下一代航母，中國的設計和中國海軍的意圖才會真正定下來。”

（待續）

Note:

Takushoku University has set up six research institutes – Language & Culture Research Institute, Institute of World Studies, the Research Institute for Global Japanese Studies, Institute for International Development, Research Institute of Japanese Language Education, and Shariah Research Institute.

Westinghouse推出小型模塊化核反應堆

Recently Yahoo News on-line reported the following:

Westinghouse unveils small modular nuclear reactor

Thu, May 4, 2023 at 2:16 p.m. GMT+1

By Timothy Gardner

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. company Westinghouse unveiled plans on Thursday for a small modular reactor to generate virtually emissions-free electricity that could replace coal plants or power water desalinization and other industries.

Rita Baranwal, the Westinghouse Electricity Co's top technology officer, said the reactor, dubbed AP300 for its planned 300 Megawatt capacity, will not use special fuels or liquid metal coolants unlike some other next-generation reactors.

It will be a smaller version of its AP1000 reactor, several of which are operating in China, and which are ramping up in Georgia at the Vogtle plant, after years of delay and billions of dollars over budget.

Despite hurdles for new nuclear, Baranwal was confident. "We've kept it simple, designed it on demonstrated and licensed technology, and I think that's one of the advantages that we have with this concept," she told Reuters in an interview. Westinghouse, owned by Brookfield Business Partners, plans to start constructing the reactor by 2030 and have it running by 2033.

Small modular reactors (SMR) are meant to fit new applications such as replacing shut coal plants and being located in more remote communities. President Joe Biden's administration believes that maintaining existing nuclear plants and developing next-generation reactors is crucial for its goal of decarbonizing the economy by 2050.

So far the design for only one SMR, planned by NuScale Power Corp, has been approved by U.S. regulators and it still needs permits.

Westinghouse did not reveal how much the first reactor would cost, but said later units would cost about $1 billion. The company, based in western Pennsylvania, has had informal talks with parties in neighboring states Ohio and West Virginia about the potential building of AP300s at former coal plants.

Westinghouse also hopes to sell reactors to countries in eastern Europe, even though nuclear power critics have expressed concerns that developers and governments should think carefully before building new nuclear plants anywhere near the region. They noted that Russia took the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant in Ukraine, the site of repeated shelling.

Baranwal said Russia's actions have made countries motivated to become more energy independent and the AP300 will be passively safe because it does not need power supply or human intervention for 72 hours in the event of an incident.

Westinghouse also sees potential customers in sub-Saharan Africa, which could bring electricity for the first time to some areas.

The company is not sure yet whether the technology can be exported to China, where the first AP1000s began operations in 2018. That year, former President Donald Trump's administration issued restrictions on exports of nuclear technology newer than the AP1000 due to nuclear proliferation concerns.

Baranwal said if the U.S. government deems AP300 to be a subset of the earlier reactor technology "then we can start entertaining the possibilities" of exporting it to China.

Translation

華盛頓（路透社） - 美國 Westinghouse 公司週四公佈了一個小型模塊化反應堆的計劃，該反應堆可以產生幾乎無排放的電力，可以取代燃煤電廠, 或海水淡化和其他行業。

Westinghouse 電力公司的首席技術官 Rita Baranwal 表示，該反應堆因其計劃的 300 兆瓦容量而被稱為 AP300，與其他一些下一代反應堆不同，它不會使用特殊燃料或液態金屬冷卻劑。

這將是其 AP1000 反應堆的較小版本，其中幾個反應堆在中國運行，並且在經過多年的延遲和數十億美元的預算超支後，正在格魯吉亞的 Vogtle 工廠進行擴產。

儘管新核能存在障礙，Baranwal 仍然充滿信心。 她在接受路透社採訪時說： “我們一直保持簡單，根據經過驗證和許可的技術進行設計，我認為這是我們在這個概念上的優勢之一。” Brookfield Business Partners 旗下的 Westinghouse 公司計劃在 2030 年前開始建造反應堆，並在 2033 年前投入運行。

小型模塊化反應堆 (SMR) 旨在適應新的應用，例如更換已關閉的燃煤電廠和用於位於更偏遠的社區。 拜登總統的政府認為，保養現有的核電站和開發下一代反應堆, 對其到 2050 年實現經濟脫碳的目標至關重要。

到目前為止，由NuScale Power Corp 計劃的SMR 的設計, 只有一個已獲得美國監管機構的批准，但仍需要獲得許可証。

Westinghouse 沒有透露第一個反應堆的造價，但表示以後的裝置將耗資約 10 億美元。 該公司總部位於賓夕法尼亞州西部，已與隔鄰俄亥俄州和西弗吉尼亞州的各方, 就在以前的燃煤電廠位置建造 AP300 的可能性進行了非正式會談。

Westinghouse 還希望向東歐國家出售反應堆，儘管核能批評者表達關著, 表示開發商和政府在該地區附近的任何地方建造新核電站之前應該仔細考慮。 他們指出，俄羅斯佔領了烏克蘭扎波羅熱核電站, 它受多次砲擊。

Baranwal 表示，俄羅斯的行動使各國有動力變得更加能源獨立，AP300 將是被動安全的，因為它在發生事故時 72 小時內不需要供電或人為干預。

Westinghouse 還在撒哈拉以南非洲看到了潛在客戶，這可能會首次為某些地區帶來電力。

該公司尚不確定該技術是否可以出口到中國，首批 AP1000 已於 2018 年在中國開始運營。那一年，出於核擴散擔憂，前總統特朗普政府發布了比 AP1000 更新的核技術出口限制。

Baranwal說，如果美國政府認為 AP300 是早期反應堆技術的一個部份， “那麼我們就可以開始考慮” 將其出口到中國的可能性。

So, Westinghouse Electricity Co. says that its reactor, dubbed AP300, will be a smaller version of the AP1000 reactor. Westinghouse believes that Russia's aggression in Ukraine has made countries moved towards become more energy independent and the AP300 will be passively safe because it does not need power supply or human intervention for 72 hours in the event of an incident. It seems that AP300 will have good potential in attracting customers in the energy production market.

中國電動車品牌進軍全球市場 (2/2)

Recently Yahoo News on-line reported the following:

Chinese electric vehicle brands expand to global markets (2/2)

Tue, May 2, 2023 at 5:55 a.m. GMT+1

(continue)

CEO Carlos Tavares of Stellantis, the parent company of Chrysler, Peugeot and FIAT, warned in January that Europe needs a strategy to compete with China's lower prices. European-made electrics cost 40% more than Chinese models, according to Tavares.

“It’s a very bleak scenario,” Tavares told German magazine Automobilwoche. “But it doesn’t have to go that way.”

BYD Auto’s exports quadrupled last year to 55,916 sedans, SUVs and hatchbacks. Most went to India, Thailand, Brazil and other developing markets. BYD announced a 1,000-vehicle sale last year to Mexico's VEMO for the biggest EV taxi fleet outside China.

State-owned BAIC, headquartered in Beijing, said a dealer in Jordan ordered 1,000 units of its compact EU5 sedan in January. The company said it plans to launch two to three more electric vehicles in Latin America, Southeast Asia and Europe.

What about the United States, the biggest, richest market?

Chinese EV brands are skittish about a sprawling country that demands big investments in dealerships and charging networks, especially while Washington and Beijing are feuding over security, technology and human rights.

“This is not an easy task," said NIO's Li. “Our products and services need to be prepared."

BYD Auto has been in the U.S. market for a decade selling battery-powered transit buses assembled at a factory northeast of Los Angeles. It is “still in the process” of deciding whether to sell SUVs and sedans to Americans, the company said in a written response to questions.

Political tensions “make it difficult for a Chinese company to launch, EV or otherwise,” in the United States, Leah said.

In Europe, Great Wall's Ora sells its 03 model starting at 140,000 yuan ($20,000). Ora tries to stand out among dozens of fledgling brands by marketing its cars as being designed for women, their body sizes and daily needs.

“This is a second or third car for a household. It can be used by a wife or daughter to commute to work, to go out with friends or to go shopping,” said Ora's deputy general manager, Tan Jian.

In Europe, BYD Auto has partnerships with dealership chains in Britain, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands. The company says it also has delivered cars in Belgium, Denmark and Austria. It has a deal with European rental company SIXT that BYD says will lead to sales of up to 100,000 vehicles over the next six years.

In Japan, BYD Auto plans to have 100 showrooms by the end of 2025. Its Dolphin hatchback and Seal sedan are due to hit the Japanese market this year. The company says it also has exported some 4,000 ATTO 3s to Australia.

Furukawa's OZ Co. converts Volkswagen Beetles and other classic models by replacing gasoline engines with batteries and electric motors. Furukawa said he drives his ATTO 3 every day and has gone as far as Osaka, 400 kilometers (250 miles) away.

BYD Auto’s Yokohama showroom, which opened Feb. 2, is surrounded by dealerships for established brands including Toyota, Nissan, BMW, Volkswagen and Chevrolet.

A married father of one said he looked at Japanese models but bought an ATTO 3 for its roominess and price.

“I like the ride, and it’s easy to drive,” said the buyer, who asked to be identified only by his surname, Ohta. “There are so many good features.”

Ohta’s father had a “negative reaction” about BYD being from China, which has a history of strained relations with Japan. But Ohta said his job in the electronic games industry has taught him to respect Chinese innovation.

“They are coming out with excellent products,” Ohta said. “I have respect for the nation.”

Translation

（繼續）

Chrysler, Peugeot 及 FIAT 的母公司 Stellantis 的首席執行官 Carlos Tavares 在 1 月份警告說，歐洲需要一項戰略來與中國的較低價格競爭。 據 Tavares 稱，歐洲製造的電器成本比中國型號高出 40%。

Tavares 告訴德國雜誌 Automobilwoche 稱: “這是一個非常慘淡的場景”。 “但不必是這樣的。”

去年，比亞迪汽車的出口量翻了兩番，達到 55,916 輛轎車、SUV 和掀背車。 大多數去了印度、泰國、巴西和其他發展中市場。 比亞迪去年宣布向墨西哥的 VEMO 出售 1,000 輛汽車，以組成中國以外最大的電動出租車車隊。

總部位於北京的國有企業北汽表示，約旦的一家經銷商在 1 月份訂購了 1,000 輛袖珍型 EU5 轎車。 該公司表示，計劃在拉丁美洲、東南亞和歐洲再推出兩到三款電動汽車。

最大、最富有的美國市場呢？

中國電動汽車品牌對一個需要對經銷商和充電網絡進行大量投資的龐大國家感到緊張及容受驚嚇，尤其是在華盛頓和北京在安全、技術和人權問題上發生爭執的時候。

NIO 的姓李說“這不是一件容易的事”。“我們的產品和服務需要做好準備。”

十年來，比亞迪汽車一直在美國市場銷售在洛杉磯東北部一家工廠組裝的電池驅動公交車。 該公司在對提問的書面答覆中表示，它“仍在決定”是否向美國人出售 SUV 和轎車。

Leah說，在美國, 政治緊張局勢 “使中國公司難以推出電動汽車或其他產品”。

在歐洲，長城汽車的 Ora 03 車型起售價為 14 萬元人民幣（2 萬美元）。 Ora 試圖通過將其汽車宣傳為專為女性、她們的體型和日常需求而設計，從而在眾多新興品牌中脫穎而出。

Ora 的副總經理 Tan Jian 說: “這是家庭的第二或第三輛車。 妻子或女兒可以用它來上下班、與朋友外出或購物” 。

在歐洲，比亞迪汽車與英國、瑞典、德國和荷蘭的經銷商連鎖店建立了合作夥伴關係。 該公司表示，它還在比利時、丹麥和奧地利交付了汽車。 它與歐洲租賃公司 SIXT 達成協議，比亞迪稱該協議將在未來六年內銷售多達 100,000 輛汽車。

在日本，比亞迪汽車計劃到 2025 年底擁有 100 個展廳。其 Dolphin 掀背車和 Seal 轎車將於今年登陸日本市場。 該公司表示，它還向澳大利亞出口了大約 4,000 台 ATTO 3。

Furukawa 的 OZ Co. 通過用電池和電動機替換汽油發動機來改裝大眾甲殼蟲和其他經典車型。 Furukawa 說他每天都開著他的 ATTO 3，最遠去了 400 公里（250 英里）外的大阪。

比亞迪汽車的橫濱展廳於 2 月 2 日開業，周圍是豐田、日產、寶馬、大眾和雪佛蘭等知名品牌的經銷商。

已婚並有一子女的父親說，他看過日本型號，但因為ATTO 3空間大和價格低而購買了。

要求只透露姓氏 Ohta的買家說: “我喜歡乘車，而且它很容易駕駛” 。 “它有這麼多好的功能。”

Ohta 的父親對比亞迪來自中國有 “負面反應” ，中國與日本的關係一直很緊張。 但 Ohta說，他在電子遊戲行業的工作教曉了他尊重中國的創新。

Ohta說: “他們推出了優秀的產品”。 “我尊重這個國家。”

        So, BYD Auto is part of a wave of Chinese electric car exporters that are starting to compete with Western and Japanese brands. They bring in fast-developing technology and with low prices, and that become their attractions. It seems that western electric car sale is facing a serious competition from Chinese cars.

中國電動車品牌進軍全球市場（1/2）

Recently Yahoo News on-line reported the following:

Chinese electric vehicle brands expand to global markets (1/2)

McDonald reported from Shanghai; Joe Mcdonald And Yuri Kageyama, The Associated Press

Tue, May 2, 2023 at 5:55 a.m. GMT+1

YOKOHAMA, Japan (AP) — Osamu Furukawa has driven lots of Japanese cars for his business converting classic gasoline-powered models to electric. But his favorite ride is an import: A battery-powered SUV from China’s BYD Auto.

BYD Auto is part of a wave of Chinese electric car exporters that are starting to compete with Western and Japanese brands in their home markets. They bring fast-developing technology and low prices that Tesla Inc.'s chief financial officer says “are scary.”

Furukawa said he ordered an ATTO 3 when it went on sale Jan. 31, for its user-friendly features and appealing price of 4.4 million yen ($33,000) — or about one-quarter less than a Tesla.

“It’s perfect,” Furukawa said in his office in Yokohama, southwest of Tokyo.

Other ambitious Chinese EV exporters include NIO, Geely Group’s Zeekr and Ora, a unit of SUV maker Great Wall Motors.

Some compete on price. Others emphasize performance and features, putting pressure on Western and Japanese premium brands.

NIO Inc., which has persuaded buyers in China to pay Tesla-level sticker prices of up to 555,000 yuan ($80,000), says its latest SUV goes on sale this year in Europe. The ES6 boasts voice-activated controls and a range of 610 kilometers (380 miles) on a charge.

“We are very confident the ES6 will compete in this premium SUV market,” NIO’s founder and CEO, William Li, said in an interview at the Shanghai auto show.

Sales of battery-powered vehicles and gasoline-electric hybrids in China almost doubled last year to 6.9 million vehicles, or half the global total.

That was supported by multibillion-dollar subsidies from the ruling Communist Party, which is trying to make China a creator of clean energy and other technologies. That rattles U.S. and European leaders who see China as a strategic and industrial competitor.

Chinese brands are “serious competition,” according to David Leah, an analyst for GlobalData.

They have “more competitive battery technology” and can “achieve greater economies of scale,” Leah said in an email.

BYD Auto, owned by battery maker BYD Co., edged ahead of Tesla in total 2022 sales at 1.9 million vehicles. Half were gasoline-electric hybrids, while Tesla’s fleet is pure electric.

“We have a lot of respect for the car companies in China,” Tesla CEO Elon Musk said in a Jan. 25 conference call with financial analysts. “They work the hardest and they work the smartest.”

Chinese brands are developing EVs to compete without subsidies as Beijing shifts the burden to the industry by requiring them to earn credits for selling electrics. Prices start as low as 100,000 yuan ($14,500) for a compact SUV with a 400-kilometer (250-mile) range on one charge.

“The Chinese are scary,” Tesla CFO Zachary Kirkhorn said on the analyst call.

Chinese EV brands mix research and design centers in the United States and Europe with factories in China.

Geely’s Zeekr plans to launch an all-electric sedan and an SUV this year in the Netherlands and Sweden. Its mini-United Nations of Chinese and European designers is in Gothenberg, Sweden, adjacent to Volvo Cars, another Geely brand, while its factories are in China.

“Our ambition is to be a key player in electrified mobility in Europe within this decade,” said Zeekr CEO Spiros Fotinos, a Toyota and Lexus veteran. With a “clear global ambition,” he said, "we’re looking at the opportunities and right timing for other markets.”

(to be continued) 

Translation

日本橫濱（美聯社）- Osamu Furukawa 駕駛過許多日本汽車，業務上將傳統汽油動力車型改裝為電動車型。 但他最喜歡的車是進口車：來自中國比亞迪汽車的電池驅動 SUV。

比亞迪汽車是中國電動汽車出口商浪潮中的一員，這些出口商開始在本土市場與西方和日本品牌展開競爭。 他們帶來了Tesla Inc.首席財務官所說的 “令人恐懼” 的快速發展技術和低廉價格。

Furukawa 說，他在 1 月 31 日發售時訂購了 ATTO 3，因為它具有方便使用的功能和 440 萬日元（33,000 美元）的誘人價格 - 比Tesla 低四分之一左右。

Furukawa在他位於東京西南部橫濱的辦公室裡說: “太完美了” 。

其他雄心勃勃的中國電動汽車出口商包括 NIO、吉利集團的 Zeekr 和 SUV 製造商長城汽車的子公司 Ora。

有些在價格上競爭。 其他人強調性能和功能，給西方和日本的高端品牌帶來壓力。

NIO Inc.稱其最新款 SUV 將於今年在歐洲上市銷售, 在中國它們已說服買家支付高達 555,000 元人民幣（80,000 美元）的 Tesla 級別廠方標價。 ES6 擁有聲控功能，一次充電可行駛 610 公里（380 英里）。

NIO 創始人兼首席執行官 William Li 在上海車展上接受採訪時表示: “我們非常有信心 ES6 將在這個高端 SUV 市場展開競爭” 。

去年，中國電動汽車和油電混合動力汽車的銷量幾乎翻了一番，達到 690 萬輛，佔全球總銷量的一半。

這得到了執政共產黨的數十億美元補貼的支持，該黨正努力使中國成為清潔能源和其他技術的創造者。 這讓將視中國為戰略和工業競爭對手的美國和歐洲領導人感到不安。

GlobalData 的分析師 David Leah 表示，中國品牌是 “認真的競爭” 。

Leah 在一封電子郵件中說，他們擁有 “更具競爭力的電池技術” ，可以“實現更大的規模經濟効益”。

電池製造商比亞迪公司旗下的比亞迪汽車在 2022 年的總銷量為 190 萬輛，領先於Tesla。 一半是油電混合動力車，而Tesla的車隊是純電動的。

Tesla首席執行官馬斯克在 1 月 25 日與金融分析師的電話會議上表示: “我們非常尊重中國的汽車公司” 。 “他們工作得最努力，他們工作得最高明。”

中國品牌正在開發電動汽車以在沒有補貼的情況下參與競爭，因為北京要求他們動用銷售電動汽車獲得收益, 以轉嫁負擔回到該行業。 一次充電可行駛 400 公里（250 英里）的袖珍型 SUV 起價低至 10 萬元人民幣（14,500 美元）。

Tesla首席財務官 Zachary Kirkhorn 在分析師電話會議上說: “中國人很可怕” 。

中國電動汽車品牌將美國和歐洲的研究和設計中心與中國的工廠結合在一起。

吉利的 Zeekr 計劃今年在荷蘭和瑞典推出一款全電動轎車和一款 SUV。 它的中國加歐洲設計師迷你聯合國位於瑞典哥德堡，毗鄰吉利的另一個品牌Volvo汽車，而其工廠則在中國。

曾在豐田和Lexus工作過的 Zeekr 首席執行官 Spiros Fotinos 說: “我們的目標是在這十年內成為歐洲電動汽車的主要參與者” 。 他帶著 “明確的全球野心” 說， “我們正在尋找其他市場的機會和合適的時機。”

（待續）

隨著習近平領導下的政治控制收緊，中國的出境禁令倍增 (2/2)

Recently Yahoo News on-line reported the following:

China's exit bans multiply as political control tightens under Xi (2/2)

Tue, May 2, 2023 at 1:01 a.m. GMT+1

By James Pomfret and Angel Woo

(continue)

'UNCERTAINTY IS HUGE'

Foreign businesses are concerned about the heightened scrutiny and the vague wording of the counter-espionage legislation, which says exit bans can be imposed on those who cause "harm to the national security or significant damage to national interests".

"The uncertainty is huge," said Jorg Wuttke, head of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China. "Can you do due diligence? Clarity has to come."

The EU chamber told Reuters in a statement: "At a time when China is proactively trying to restore business confidence to attract foreign investment, the exit bans send a very mixed signal."

People barred from leaving China include regular Chinese embroiled in financial disputes as well as rights defenders, activists and lawyers, and ethnic minorities such as Uyghurs in China's northwestern Xinjiang region, according to the Safeguard Defenders report.

It cites a Chinese judicial report saying 34,000 people were placed under exit bans between 2016 and 2018 for owing money, a 55% rise from the same period three years earlier.

Some activists say the wider use of exit bans reflects tighter security measures under President Xi.

"They can find any reason to stop you from leaving the country," said Xiang Li, a Chinese rights activist who was denied exit for two years before escaping from China in 2017 and later receiving asylum in the United States.

"China doesn't have the rule of law," she told Reuters by phone from California. "The law is used to serve the purposes of the Chinese Communist Party. It's very effective."

(Reporting by James Pomfret and Angel Woo; Additional reporting by Engen Tham and Brenda Goh in Shanghai and Michael Martina in Washington; Editing by William Mallard and Gerry Doyle)

Translation

（繼續）

“不確定性很大”

外國企業對反間諜法的審查力度加大和措辭含糊感到擔憂，該法表示可以對 “危害國家安全或嚴重損害國家利益” 的人實施出境禁令。

中國歐盟商會會長 Jorg Wuttke 說: “不確定性很大”。 “你能進行盡職調查嗎？必須要清晰起來。”

歐盟商會在一份聲明中告訴路透社： “在中國積極努力恢復商業信心以吸引外國投資之際，出國禁令發出了一個非常錯雜的信號。”

根據 Safeguard Defenders 的報告，被禁止離開中國的人包括捲入金融糾紛的普通中國人、維權人士、活動人士和律師，以及中國西北部新疆地區的維吾爾族等少數民族。

它援引一份中國司法報告稱，2016 年至 2018 年期間，有 34,000 人因欠款而被禁止出境，比三年前同期增加了 55%。

一些活動人士表示，更廣泛地使用出境禁令反映了習主席領導下更嚴格的安全措施。

之前被拒絕出境兩年, 在 2017 年逃離中國、後來在美國獲得庇護的中國維權活動人士 Xiang Li說:“他們可以找出理由阻止你離開這個國家”。

她在加州通過電話告訴路透社說:“中國沒有法治，”。 “法律是為中國共產黨服務的，非常有效。”

       So, China is increasingly barring people from leaving the country, including foreign executives. This contrasts with China's message that it is opening up to overseas investment and travel. China foreign companies and entities are expressing concern about this ban. I think this will affect the mood in doing business in China.

Note:

1. Due diligence in business, finance and economics is the detailed examination of a company and its financial records, done before entering into a business arrangement.

2. Mintz company in its web-site claims that it has created breakthrough legal strategies that help clients solve problems. Their attorneys combine legal, business, and industry insight to help navigate shifting challenges. They help clients comply with evolving regulations and compete in emerging markets. (https://mintzgroup.com/services/before-relationships/corporate-due-diligence/)

隨著習近平領導下政治控制的收緊，中國的出境禁令倍增 (1/2)

Recently Yahoo News on-line reported the following:

China's exit bans multiply as political control tightens under Xi (1/2)

Tue, May 2, 2023 at 1:01 a.m. GMT+1

By James Pomfret and Angel Woo

HONG KONG (Reuters) -China is increasingly barring people from leaving the country, including foreign executives, a jarring message as the authorities say the country is open for business after three years of tight COVID-19 restrictions.

Scores of Chinese and foreigners have been ensnared by exit bans, according to a new report by the rights group Safeguard Defenders, while a Reuters analysis has found an apparent surge of court cases involving such bans in recent years, and foreign business lobbies are voicing concern about the trend.

"Since Xi Jinping took power in 2012, China has expanded the legal landscape for exit bans and increasingly used them, sometimes outside legal justification," the Safeguard Defenders report reads.

"Between 2018 and July of this year, no less than five new or amended (Chinese) laws provide for the use of exit bans, for a total today of 15 laws," said Laura Harth, the group's campaign director.

The group estimates "tens of thousands" of Chinese are banned from exit at any one time. It also cites a 2022 academic paper by Chris Carr and Jack Wroldsen that found 128 cases of foreigners being exit-banned between 1995 and 2019, including 29 Americans and 44 Canadians.

Attention on the exit bans comes as China-U.S. tensions have risen over trade and security disputes. This contrasts with China's message that it is opening up to overseas investment and travel, emerging from the isolation of some of the world's tightest COVID curbs.

The Reuters analysis of records on exit bans, from China's Supreme Court database, shows an eight-fold increase in cases mentioning bans between 2016 and 2022.

China last week beefed up its counter-espionage law, allowing exit bans to be imposed on anyone, Chinese or foreign, who is under investigation.

Most of the cases in the database referring to exit bans are civil, not criminal. Reuters did not find any involving foreigners or politically sensitive subversion or national security issues.

By comparison, the U.S. and European Union impose travel bans on some criminal suspects but generally not for civil claims.

DUE DILIGENCE

China's Ministry of Public Security did not respond to Reuters requests for comment on exit bans, including inquiries on how many individuals, including foreigners, are subject to them.

One person prevented from leaving China this year is a Singaporean executive at the U.S. due-diligence firm Mintz Group, according to three people familiar with the matter.

The company, the executive and China's Public Security Bureau did not respond to requests for comment.

Mintz said in late March the authorities had raided the firm's China office and detained five local staff. The foreign ministry said at the time Mintz was suspected of engaging in unlawful business operations. Police visited Bain & Co's office in Shanghai and questioned staff, the U.S. management consultancy said last week.

"Because of rising tensions between the U.S. and China, the salience of this (exit ban) risk has risen," said Lester Ross, a veteran lawyer in China who has handled exit ban cases.

"I've seen a rise in companies and entities being concerned about this and asking for our advice on how to prepare and reduce risks" of exit bans, said Ross, the head of the American Chamber of Commerce's China policy committee.

(to be continued)

Translation

 香港（路透社）- 中國越來越多地禁止人們離開該國，包括外國高管，這是一個令人不安的信息，因為當局表示，因該國經過三年嚴格的 COVID-19 限制後，聲稱商業活動已開始。

根據維權組織 Safeguard Defenders 的一份新報告，數十名中國人和外國人因出境禁令而陷入困境，而路透社的分析發現，近年來涉及此類禁令的法庭案件明顯激增，外國商業遊說團體對這趨勢表達了擔憂。

Safeguard Defenders報告中寫道: “自習近平 2012 年上台以來，中國擴大了出境禁令的法律範圍，並越來越多地使用它們，有時甚至超出了法律依據” 。

該組織的活動主管Laura Harth說: “從 2018 年到今年 7 月，不少於5條新的種類或修訂的（中國）法律條文, 提供出境禁令，今天總共有 15 種類律條文”。

該組織估計，任何時候都有“數万”中國人被禁止出境。 它還引用了 Chris Carr 和 Jack Wroldsen 於 2022 年發表的一篇學術論文，該論文發現 128 個案關於外國人在 1995 年至 2019 年期間被禁止出境，其中包括 29 名美國人和 44 名加拿大人。

對出口禁令的關注來自中美關係因貿易和安全爭端上升。 這與中國正在從世界上一些最嚴格的 COVID 限制措施的隔離擺脫出來, 發放正在開放海外投資和旅遊的信息形成鮮明對比。

路透社對中國最高法院數據庫中的出境禁令記錄的分析顯示，在 2016 年至 2022 年間，提及禁令的案件增加了八倍。

中國上週加強了反間諜法，容許對任何受到調查的中國人或外國人實施出境禁令。

數據庫中涉及出境禁令的大多數案件都是民事案件，而並非刑事案件。 路透社沒有發現任何涉及外國人或政治敏感的顛覆或國家安全問題。

相比之下，美國和歐盟對一些犯罪嫌疑人實施旅行禁令，但一般不會對民事索賠實施旅行禁令。

盡職調查

中國公安部沒有回應路透社就出境禁令發表評論的請求，包括詢問有多少人（包括外國人）受到這些禁令的約束。

據三位知情人士透露，今年被禁止離開中國的一個人是美國盡職調查公司 Mintz Group 的一名新加坡高管。

該公司、高管和中國公安局均未回應置評請求。

Mintz表示，當局在 3 月下旬突擊搜查了該公司的中國辦事處，並拘留了五名當地員工。 外交部當時表示，Mintz涉嫌從事非法商業活動。 這家美國管理諮詢公司上週表示，警方訪問了Bain & Co 在上海的辦公室並詢問了員工。

曾處理過出口禁令案件的中國資深律師 Lester Ross說: “由於美國和中國之間的緊張局勢加劇，這種（出口禁令）風險的突出性已經上升”。

美國商會中國政策委員會主席 Ross說： “我看到越來越多的公司和實體對此表示擔憂，並就如何準備和降低出口禁令的風險徵求我們的意見。”

（待續）