Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following:
中国、原子力潜水艦を史上最速のペースで建造 米海軍の状況は深刻
2026.02.17 Tue posted at 16:31 JST
(CNN) 中国は過去5年間で原子力潜水艦の生産を増強し、米国よりも速いペースで進水させている。この動きは、長らく米国が保持してきた海軍力の優位性を覆す脅威となっていると、英シンクタンク「国際戦略研究所(IISS)」の新たな報告書が指摘した。
Translation
China is
building nuclear submarines at the fastest pace in history, putting the US Navy
in a dire situation.
(CNN) China
had ramped up nuclear submarine production over the past five years, launching
them at a faster pace than the United States. This move threatened to overturn
the US's long-held naval superiority, according to a new report from a British
think tank, the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS).
The report noted that the People's Liberation Army Navy's expansion included both ballistic missile and attack submarines.
Between 2021 and 2025 China's nuclear submarines building surpassed those of the United States in both launch numbers (10 vs. 7) and displacement (79,000 tons vs. 55,500 tons). The report used satellite imagery of shipyards to estimate China's construction volume.
The Chinese
government had not publicly released the size of its fleet.
The IISS
analyzed that this was a significant change compared with from 2016 to 2020 when
China added only three 23,000-ton nuclear submarines. The U.S. Navy added seven
55,500-ton submarines during the same period.
These figures represented submarines launched, not necessarily completed or added to the active fleet. The U.S. still maintained a significant advantage in the active fleet.
According to the IISS's Military Balance 2025 report, as of early 2025, China operated 12 nuclear submarines: six ballistic missile submarines and six guided missile or attack submarines. The United States had a total of 65 submarines, 14 of which were ballistic missile submarines.
China also had a large conventional submarine fleet, numbering 46.
The United States, on the other hand, did not operate conventional submarines, which require regular refueling.
The Chinese government had reportedly significantly expanded the Bohai (渤海) Shipbuilding Industry Co.'s Huludao (葫芦島) Shipyard in northern China in order to strengthen its nuclear submarine fleet.
Prior to that, in a report submitted to a Congressional meeting last month, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) noted that the U.S. Navy was falling far behind its goal in building two Virginia-class attack submarines per year, with U.S. shipyards only delivering 1.1 to 1.2 submarines per year since 2022.
The IISS report stated that "The presence of a large number of submarines at sea is becoming an increasingly big issue as the countries (the United States and other Western countries) are struggling to increase its own production. "
The report
highlighted two Type 094 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs)
launched at the Huludao shipyard. The IISS noted that the Type 094s that
was capable of launching nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles would enhance
China's expanding strategic nuclear triad of intercontinental ballistic
missiles (ICBMs) and bombers.
China was also reportedly developing the even more advanced Type 096 SSBN.
However, the report also stated that "Chinese designs and in terms of quality are almost certainly lagging behind the U.S. and European submarines.”
China's most advanced submarines were not believed to be as quiet as U.S.-made ones and in terms of stealth, the US Navy had the upper hand.
Still, experts pointed out that larger forces usually win naval battles. And China already possesses the world's largest fleet of destroyers, frigates, and surface combatants.
Last summer, U.S. Navy Secretary Phelan testified at a House of Representatives hearing to say that the Navy's construction situation was dire, with even the best-laid plans it was six months behind schedule and 57% over budget.
Regarding submarine numbers over the next five years, the CRS report predicted that the number of U.S. attack submarines would fall to a "nadir" of 47 by 2030 as the aging Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarines were to retire.
The report
said that the upcoming submarine force " nadir " could "lead to a
period of increased operational strain on the SSN (nuclear attack submarine)
force and weakened conventional deterrence against potential adversaries such
as China".
So, China has ramped up nuclear
submarine production over the past five years, launching them at a faster pace
than the United States. Apparently, this move will threaten to overturn the
US's long-held naval superiority and weaken conventional deterrence against
potential adversaries such as China.
Note:
1. An SSN
is a nuclear-powered general-purpose attack submarine. SSN is the US Navy
hull classification symbol for such vessels. SS means "Submarine,
General" according to the NATO Standard Ship Designator System (STANAG
1166) with SSN referring to a "Submarine Attack Nuclear" vessel. The
"SS" designator is consistent with other examples of STANAG 1166
using double letter referring to a type of vessel – for example, "BB"
designates a Battleships, "DD" is a Destroyer, "CC" a
Cruiser, "FF" a Frigate, and so on. (Wikipedia)
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