Recently CNN.co.jp reported the following:
偽エクストラバージンオリーブオイル横行 低品質オイル混入、健康被害の恐れも
2023.12.11 Mon posted at 15:06 JST
一方で、人気の高いイタリア、スペイン、ギリシャ産のエクストラバージンオリーブオイルをめぐっては、ヒマワリ油やキャノーラ油、さらには灯油までを使い、米国でリットル当たり30ドル(約4300円)もの高値で売れる商品を製造して不正に利益を稼ぐ業者も横行している。
当局はさらに、輸出準備が整った市販用の製品5200リットルも差し押さえた。ラベルには100%イタリア産またはスペイン産という虚偽が記載されていたが、実際には「消費に適さない」商品だった。
当局は現金9万1000ユーロ(約1400万円)と高級車4台、偽ラベル、スペイン産およびイタリア産オイルと記載された書類も発見した。抜き取り検査の結果、このオイルはオリーブオイルの副産物を別のオイルと混ぜて作った商品だったことが分かった。
着色料の使用も
こうした不正商品の温床を生み出したのは、インフレや物価の高騰、オリーブオイル生産量の減少、需要の増大だった。
「残念ながらエクストラバージンオリーブオイルの偽造は普通に行われており、特に生産国では捜査当局が優先的に摘発している」とユーロポールは指摘する。
イタリアの農業団体コルディレッティによると、地中海産オリーブオイルの需要が高まる一方で、天候の過酷化によって生産量は減少し、高品質のオリーブオイルに質の低いオイルを混入する行為が横行するようになった。
オリーブオイルに特徴的な緑がかった黄色を出すために、クロロフィルやベータカロチンを使って着色する業者も増えている。
コルディレッティによると、2023年は地中海のオイル生産が41%減少した。春の降雨量が極端に多かったことからオリーブの開花が減り、成長したオリーブの実も夏の猛暑で干からびた。
このため生産者が市場の需要に対応できなくなり、地中海のオイル産地にいわゆる「農業マフィア」が入り込んで、偽エクストラバージンオリーブ生産業を発展させた。
「消費用のオリーブオイルに質の低い代替品を混ぜることで、犯罪組織が合法的なサプライチェーン(供給網)に入り込んで価格競争力を高めた」とユーロポールは解説する。「こうした不正は健康リスクを生じさせるだけでなく、消費者の信頼を失墜させ、さらなる経済的反動を招く」
チェーンソー窃盗
犯罪組織が不正品を製造するためには質の高いオリーブオイルを必要とする。
そのためオリーブオイルの木や枝が丸ごと盗まれる事件も増加した。ギリシャやイタリアでは、オリーブの実をいっぱいにつけた木や枝がチェーンソーで切り落とされ、丸ごと盗まれる事件が頻発している。
ギリシャ、スペイン、イタリアでは、オリーブ倉庫への侵入事件や、収穫機を破壊して収穫を遅らせ、その間にオリーブを盗もうとする手口も増加した。
欧州委員会の22年の報告によると、オリーブオイルは欧州でラベルの偽装が最も多い食品の一つとされている。
Translation
(CNN) Olive oil, also known as "liquid gold," was essential to Mediterranean cuisine. Export prices for extra virgin and virgin olive oil were rising, and the olive oil market was expected to expand dramatically over the next 10 years.
On the other hand, the popular extra virgin olive oils from Italy, Spain, and Greece were made using sunflower oil, canola oil, and even lamp oil, and could sell for as high as $30 per liter in the United States; and there were also many companies that manufactured them and made profits Illegally.
In late November, Spain and Italy, in collaboration with the European Union's Europol, announced the arrest of 11 people involved in such crimes. The 12 barrels seized by authorities contained approximately 260,000 liters of inferior quality products that were neither virgin oil nor extra virgin olive oil.
Authorities also seized 5,200 liters of commercially available product ready for export. The labels falsely stated that they were 100% Italian or Spanish products, but in reality, they were "unfit for consumption."
Authorities also found 91,000 euros (approximately 14 million yen) in cash, four luxury cars, false labels, and documents stating the oil was Spanish and Italian product. A sampling inspection revealed that the oil was made by mixing olive oil byproducts with other oils.
The use of coloring agents
Inflation, soaring prices, declining olive oil production coupled
with increasing demand created a breeding ground for these fraudulent products.
Europol said that "Unfortunately, counterfeiting of extra virgin olive oil is common and is a priority for law enforcement authorities, especially in producing countries."
According to the Italian agricultural organization Coldiretti, demand for Mediterranean olive oil was increasing, but production was decreasing due to harsher weather, and the practice of mixing high-quality olive oil with low-quality oil is becoming rampant.
In order to give olive oil its characteristic
greenish-yellow color, an increasing number of producers were using chlorophyll
and beta-carotene to color their olive oil.
This left producers unable to meet market demand and led to the infiltration of the so-called "Agricultural Mafia" in the oil-producing regions of the Mediterranean, developing a fake extra virgin olive production industry.
Europol said, "Criminal organizations have penetrated legitimate supply chains, and by mixing olive oil for consumption with lower-quality substitutes it increases price competitiveness". "These frauds not only pose health risks, but also undermine consumer confidence and lead to further economic backlash."
Chainsaw theft
Criminal organizations need high-quality olive oil to manufacture counterfeit products.
As a result, cases of whole olive oil trees and branches being stolen had also increased. In Greece and Italy, trees and branches full of olives were frequently cut down with chainsaws and incidents of whole tree being stolen were occurring frequently.
In Greece, Spain and Italy, there was also an increase in break-ins into olive warehouses, and attempts to destroy harvesting machines to delay the harvest so as to steal olives during that time.
According to a 2022 European Commission report, olive oil was one of the most common foods in Europe with label falsification.
So, in
Europe the export price for virgin olive oil is rising as oil production falls
by 41% in 2023. Extremely high rainfall in spring and intense heat in summer has
caused olive production to drop. This left producers unable to meet market
demand and led to the development of a fake extra virgin olive production. Be
careful when you are going to buy extra virgin olive oil next time.
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