中國如何擊敗所有人成為電動汽車領域的世界領導者 (2/2)

Recently Yahoo News on-line reported the following:

How China Beat Everyone to Be World Leader in Electric Vehicles (2/2)

Linda Lew

Mon, July 17, 2023 at 2:00 p.m. PDT

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The Sticks

Gas Hurdles: Buying and owning gasoline-powered cars is less and less appealing. Cities are fighting congestion by limiting the number of cars on the road with measures such as lotteries for new license plates in Beijing and an auction system in Shanghai. Plates went for an average of 92,780 yuan at auctions in Shanghai during the first five months last year. EV drivers, meanwhile, can easily get a green license plate, showcasing their environmentally-friendly credentials. Green plates are increasingly prominent on city streets.

Production Penalties: China introduced a dual-credit system for the auto industry in 2017, which awards points for making clean cars and penalties for those with high fuel consumption. Cars from producers with negative scores may be taken off the market. To avoid punishment, manufacturers can buy credits from rivals with positive scores, like Tesla Inc. or BYD. It can get expensive. State-owned Chongqing Changan Automobile Co. lost 4,000 yuan in profit for each car sold in 2020 as it bought credits to avoid the penalty.

 The Sales

 Government Purchases: Some local governments converted their public transport and taxi fleets to 100% electric, and encouraged local agencies to procure electric or plug-in hybrids. The result was steady business for EV makers such as BYD, which also makes buses, and Guangzhou Automobile Group Co.

 

--With assistance from Spe Chen.

Translation

（繼續）

棍打的威脅

用汽油麻煩：購買和擁有汽油動力汽車的吸引力越來越小。 各城市正在通過限制道路上的汽車數量來應對擁堵，例如北京的新車牌抽籤和上海的拍賣制度。 去年1-5月，上海板材拍賣平均成交價為92,780元。 與此同時，電動汽車司機可以輕鬆獲得綠色車牌，展示他們的環保認證。 城市街道上的綠色車牌越來越顯眼。

生產處罰：中國於2017年推出了汽車行業雙積分制度，對生產清潔汽車給予積分，對高油耗汽車進行處罰。 得分為負的生產商生產的汽車可能會被撤出市場。 為了避免懲罰，製造商可以從特斯拉或比亞迪等得分較高的競爭對手那裡購買積分。 它可能會變得昂貴。 國有的重慶長安汽車有限公司2020年每售出一輛汽車，就會損失4,000元的利潤，因為它購買了積分以避免罰款。

業務

政府採購：一些地方政府將其公共交通和出租車車隊改造為100%電動汽車，並鼓勵地方機構採購電動或插電式混合動力汽車。 結果是帶來電動汽車製造商的業務穩定，例如也生產公交車的比亞迪和廣州汽車集團有限公司。

So, China has been giving out incentives to spur electric-vehicle sales, the tactics is a success and turning China into the biggest EV market on Earth. It is expected that the EV penetration rate in the world’s second-largest economy to reach 90% by 2030. This is the advantage for an absolute government in doing thing, through central planning they do things top down and cut away public consultation to avoid opposition and safe time.