Recently Yahoo News on-line reported the following:
How China Beat Everyone to Be World Leader in Electric
Vehicles (1/2)
Linda Lew
Mon, July 17, 2023 at 2:00 p.m. PDT
(Bloomberg) -- In the race to reduce carbon emissions,
countries from the US to New Zealand are doling out incentives to spur electric-vehicle
sales — tactics China used for years as it turned into the biggest EV market on
Earth.
Beijing’s success is breathtaking. EVs accounted for a
quarter of all passenger cars sold in China last year, far ahead of the roughly
one in seven in the US and one in eight in Europe. And the pace is
accelerating. HSBC expects the EV penetration rate in the world’s
second-largest economy to reach 90% by 2030.
Including plug-in hybrids, China’s clean-car sales hit 5.67 million in 2022, more than half of all global deliveries. The country will account for about 60% of the world’s 14.1 million new passenger EV sales this year, BloombergNEF predicts.
Sufficient infrastructure obviously helps with EV adoption. China, which has the largest charging network in the world, added 649,000 public chargers in 2022 alone, which is more than 70% of all installations done globally that year.
Encouraged by all the progress made, EV makers have swarmed China with new models, and a price war has flared this year as companies try to get ahead of rivals. Analysts expect some consolidation is looming for the industry in China.
Here’s a closer look at China’s carrot-and-stick approach to cultivating EVs:
The Carrots
Consumer Subsidies: A program that ran for a decade reimbursed EV Buyers with as much as 60,000 yuan ($8,375). Although the national subsidies ended in 2022, local governments in places like Shanghai continue to dole out rebates of up to 10,000 yuan.
Tax Breaks: A standard 10% tax levy has been waived for clean-car purchases under 300,000 yuan until 2025, and will return at 5% for 2026 and 2027. The tax break, in place since 2014, is estimated to amount to 835 billion yuan by the end of 2027. In the US, the Inflation Reduction Act, which passed last year, includes $270 billion in tax incentives for EV purchases and clean manufacturing and nearly $12 billion in loans to clean-energy projects.
Manufacturer Subsidies: Direct government support to EV makers helped many get up and running. While an overabundance of companies emerged, with more than 500 EV brands crowding the market in 2019, the effort nurtured successes like BYD Co. The Shenzhen-based company has become the best-selling brand in China, ending Volkswagen AG’s decades-long reign.
(to be continued)
（彭博社）- 在減少碳排放的競賽中，從美國到新西蘭的國家都在推出激勵措施來刺激電動汽車的銷售 -成為地球上最大的電動汽車市場時的中國多年來一直是採用這策略。
北京的成功令人驚嘆。 去年，電動汽車佔中國銷售的所有乘用車的四分之一，遠遠高於美國的約七分之一和歐洲的八分之一。 而且步伐正在加快。 匯豐銀行預計，到
2030 年，全球第二大經濟體的電動汽車普及率將達到
90%。
包括插電式混合動力車在內，2022年中國的清潔汽車銷量將達到567萬輛，佔全球總銷量的一半以上。 彭博新能源財經預測，中國今年將佔全球 1,410 萬輛電動乘用車新銷量的 60% 左右。
不僅僅是買家。 製造業也在蓬勃發展 - 匯豐銀行分析師在最近的一份報告中表示，中國品牌約佔全球電動汽車銷量的一半。
充足的基礎設施顯然有助於電動汽車的採用。 擁有全球最大充電網絡的中國僅在 2022 年就新增了 64.9 萬個公共充電樁，佔當年全球安裝總量的 70% 以上。
受到所有這些進步的鼓舞，電動汽車製造商紛紛向中國推出新車型，隨著企業試圖領先於競爭對手，今年的價格戰爆發了。 分析師預計，中國該行業即將出現一些整合。
以下是對中國培育電動汽車的胡蘿蔔加大棒政策的更深入的了解：
胡蘿蔔獎勵
消費者補貼：一項持續十年的計劃向電動汽車購買者提供高達 6 萬元（8,375
美元）的補償。 儘管國家補貼已於2022年結束，但上海等地的地方政府仍繼續發放高達1萬元的金額退還。
稅收減免：2025年之前，購買30萬元以下的清潔汽車可免徵10%的標準稅收，2026年和2027年將恢復5%的稅收減免。自2014年開始實行的稅收減免估計到2027年底達8,350億。美國去年通過的通脹削減法案, 包括對電動汽車購買和清潔製造提供2,700億美元的稅收優惠，以及向清潔能源項目提供近120億美元的貸款。
製造商補貼：政府對電動汽車製造商的直接支持幫助許多電動汽車製造商啟動並運行。 雖然2019年出現了過多的公司，超過500個電動汽車品牌湧入市場，但這一努力培育了像比亞迪公司這樣的成功公司。這家總部位於深圳的公司已成為中國最暢銷的品牌，結束了大眾汽車公司長達數十年的主導地位。
基礎設施：有政府補貼、並且交通便利的充電站, 可降低駕駛員的成本並緩解里數焦慮。 由於與製造商達成協議，充電標準是統一的，因此每個人都使用相同的插頭。 截至
5 月底，中國擁有
636 萬個電動汽車充電樁，超過全球其他任何地方。 其中很大一部分是國家電網的一部分，國家電網是繼私營公司萬邦新能源投資集團有限公司和特固新能源有限公司等之後的第四大供應商。
（待續）
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