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Recently Nihon Keizai Shimbun Electronic Edition reported
the following:
量子時代、米優位に陰り 通信・暗号で中国先行 (2 of 2)
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2021年3月14日 2:00 [有料会員限定]
中国が量子通信・暗号に力を入れたのは米国の情報収集の実態が明るみに出た13年の「スノーデン事件」がきっかけともいわれる。16年には世界初の量子科学実験衛星「墨子号」の打ち上げに成功。米国は「中国は明らかに『量子革命』の先導を狙っている」（新米国安全保障研究所）と警戒を強めた。
中国は米欧の一流大学に優秀な若者を送り込んできた。「その研究者たちが国内に戻って拠点を構えた時と量子技術の発展期が重なり、爆発的に躍進している」と情報通信研究機構の佐々木雅英フェローは指摘する。
米国は巻き返しを急ぐ。日本経済新聞社が出資するアスタミューゼによると、18年開始の量子コンピューター関連の研究への投資は2億ドル（約220億円）超と前年の3倍。バイデン政権はさらにアクセルを踏むとみられる。
米政府は20年に「量子インターネット」の構想を掲げ、開発競争は通信・暗号とコンピューターの垣根を越えた総力戦になりつつある。中国は21年1月に衛星と地上をつなぎ4600キロメートルに及ぶ量子通信網を築いたと発表するなど着々と体制を整える。
日本は米国より通信・暗号の技術に強くハードの特許の1割近くを東芝、NEC、NTTの3社が握る。日本政府関係者は「バイデン政権と早い段階で協力したい」と話す。日米の連携が覇権争いの行方を左右する可能性もある。
Translation
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It was said that China's focus on quantum communication and
cryptography was triggered by the "Snowden Incident" in 2013, when
the reality of information gathering in the United States came to light. In
2016, China successfully launched the world's first quantum science experimental
satellite" Mozi Hao”. The United States increased its vigilance as
"China is clearly aiming to lead the ‘quantum revolution'" (New US
Security Institute).
China had sent talented young people to leading universities in the United States and Europe. Masahide Sasaki, a fellow of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology said, "The time when these researchers returned to China and set up their bases coincided with the development period of quantum technology, and they are making explosive breakthroughs".
The United States hastened a rollback. According to Astamuse, which was funded by Nihon Keizai Shimbun, the investment in quantum computer-related research which started in 2018 was over 200 million dollars (about 22 billion yen), which was three times the previous year. The Biden administration was expected to step up its research faster.
The US government held up the concept of "Quantum Internet" in 2020, and the development competition was becoming a total war that transcended the boundaries between communication / cryptography and computers. In January 2021, China announced that it had built a 4,600-kilometer quantum communication network by connecting satellites and the ground, and was steadily preparing the system.
Japan was stronger in communication and encryption technology than the United States, and Toshiba, NEC, and NTT held nearly 10% of hardware patents. A Japanese government official said, "We hope to cooperate with the Biden administration at an early stage." The cooperation between Japan and the United States might influence the moving direction of the hegemony battle.
So, the
US and China are having competition in the field of quantum technology. The US
can solicit help from its alliance such as Japan. US-Japan cooperation seems
getting more and more important, and they share the same interest in many
respects.
Translation Notes:
a. Launched in 2016, China’s satellite "Mozi Hao" (墨子号) (also known as the Micius Satellite) had already produced a number of breakthroughs under its operating team led by Pan Jian-Wei (潘建偉), China’s “Father of Quantum”. This satellite serves as the source of pairs of entangled photons, twinned light particles whose properties remain intertwined no matter how far apart they are. If one manipulates one of the photons, the other will be similarly affected at the very same moment even these two photons are thousands of mile apart. This behavior of the photons can be explained by quantum physics.
b. On the 15th, June 2020, a team formed by Dr. Pan Jian-Wei (潘建偉) of the University of Science and Technology of China using the world's first quantum science experiment satellite "Mozi Hao " to realize a 1000km class quantum confidential communication based on non-relay entanglement. A paper on this significant breakthrough in the field of quantum communication applications was published in the internationally prestigious academic journal Nature (electronic version) on 15 June 2020.
c. Nature
- volume 582, pages 501–505(2020) is an article entitled “Entanglement-based
secure quantum cryptography over 1,120 kilometers”. This article dated 15 June
2020 can be found at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2401-y
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