被列入黑名單的中國科技巨頭如何持續購買美國頂尖人工智能晶片（2/2）

Recently The New York Times reported the following:

How a Blacklisted Chinese Tech Giant Kept Buying America’s Best A.I. Chips (2/2)

Washington imposed sanctions on Inspur because of its work with the Chinese military. But the company’s subsidiary kept shipping Nvidia’s best chips to feed China’s leading A.I. firms.

The NYT - By Ana SwansonPaul MozurTripp Mickle and Keith Bradsher (Ana Swanson reported from Washington and Jinan, China; Paul Mozur from Taiwan and Singapore; Tripp Mickle from Milpitas, Calif.; and Keith Bradsher from Jinan.)

Sept. 6, 2026

Updated 6:45 a.m. ET

(continue)

Different Country, Same Tactic

Most Americans have never heard of Inspur, but the company is among the world’s largest makers of computer servers. It has also dodged one sanction after another.

When the U.S. blacklisted Inspur in 2023, it got a new name in the United States. In China, Inspur got a new address.

The entity list, which the United States uses to block trade to targeted companies, applies to the specific company name and address designated by the government. Just days after its 2023 listing, Inspur registered its main business to a building down the road.

Four months ago, a Times reporter visited that address, in the eastern Chinese city Jinan. It was a nondescript building with no signage beyond a bank on the ground floor. A security guard confirmed that Inspur had an office there, but said not many people worked in it. He said Inspur was really based at the industrial park down the street.

That compound was busy. A series of dark gray high-rises stood inside a vast enclosure ringed by a hedge of roses and rows of motorbikes. Inside the gates, a red sign flashed a key slogan from China’s leader, Xi Jinping: “Chinese dream.”

Inspur, which is majority-owned by Shandong Province, began as a state-owned electronics factory. It developed the world’s first pager capable of displaying Chinese characters. More than a decade ago, the Chinese military and state turned to Inspur’s servers to reduce the reliance on foreign companies.

That made Inspur an American target. In 2020, the Trump administration included it on a list of Chinese military companies. In 2023, the Biden administration said Inspur Group had sought U.S. technology to make military supercomputers and put it on the entity list. That meant U.S. firms could no longer ship to it without a special license.

A loophole quickly opened. Companies like Intel had been selling to Inspur’s subsidiary, not the parent company, which the order did not cover.

Two years later, the second Trump administration closed a part of the loophole, adding some of Inspur’s subsidiaries to the blacklist. Aivres was not among them.

The Standout Connection

Records show that billions of dollars of advanced servers and other technology have flowed from Aivres and Inspur’s other global subsidiaries to cloud-computing and assembly firms across Southeast Asia.

One connection stands out. Maginfra was created in China last year, and quickly began doing brisk business with a Malaysian electronics firm that transacts with Inspur’s companies in Hong Kong, mainland China, the United States and Singapore.

Maginfra imported more than $700 million of servers from Malaysia into China in a six-month period, including more than 1,500 servers that were priced consistently with high-end A.I. capabilities, ImportGenius data shows. These entries do not include detailed descriptions of the servers or chips inside them, but they do indicate per-unit prices.

Maginfra has a scant public profile and no direct link to Inspur on paper. It is also government-owned, and it is down the street from Inspur’s headquarters. Corporate records show that the legal representative of Maginfra’s parent company has held positions at companies affiliated with Inspur subsidiaries or investment partners.

According to Wirescreen, a data platform, many of the patents that Maginfra has registered were filed by inventors who have worked for Inspur. The two firms’ websites also share striking similarities.

When a reporter from The Times visited Maginfra’s listed address in China on Tuesday, it appeared deserted. A few chairs and empty desks sat inside a small locked room with no signs. Workers on the floor said they had not seen anyone use the office, and building receptionists said they had not heard of Maginfra.

Public filings analyzed by C4ADS, a Washington research nonprofit, show Chinese universities, some with ties to defense research, seeking and sometimes obtaining servers containing advanced computer chips built by Maginfra and Inspur.

Maginfra also inked a contract in November to sell $165 million of high-performance computing technology to a division of a Chinese state-owned bank, according to a filing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

“It’s very hard to look at this and not see a state-sponsored Chinese network for bypassing export controls,” said William George, the director of research at ImportGenius, who analyzed the trade records.

But the Trump administration approved Maginfra this year for a license for Nvidia’s less powerful H200 chips, according to documents viewed by The Times. Reuters previously reported the license.

The subsidiary Aivres remains very visible in Silicon Valley. It advertised A.I. servers using AMD’s technology and was listed as an “elite” partner of Nvidia and a sponsor of its annual conference in San Jose, Calif. (AMD declined to comment.)

In May, Nvidia announced that Aivres was among the more than two dozen companies in full-scale production of the servers that would supply its next generation of A.I. technology.

Translation:

被列入黑名單的中國科技巨頭如何持續購買美國頂尖人工智能晶片（2/2）

華盛頓因浪潮集團與中國軍方合作而對其實施制裁。但該公司旗下子公司卻持續向中國領先的人工智能公司供應英偉達的頂級晶片

（繼續）

不同國家，相同策略

大多數美國人從未聽說過浪潮集團，但該公司是全球最大的電腦伺服器製造商之一。它也成功地規避了一次又一次的制裁。

2023年，美國將浪潮列入黑名單後，浪潮在美國啟用了一個新的名稱。在中國，浪潮則更換了辦公地址。

美國利用實體清單來阻止與特定公司進行貿易，該清單適用於政府指定的公司名稱和地址。就在被列入2023年實體清單幾天後，浪潮將其主要業務註冊到了附近的一棟辦公大樓。

四個月前，《紐約時報》記者走訪了位於中國東部城市濟南的這棟辦公大樓。這是一棟毫不起眼的建築，除了底層的一家銀行外，沒有任何標誌。一名保安人員證實浪潮在那裡設有辦公室，但表示員工不多。他說，浪潮的實際總部在街道落些的工業園區。

那個工業園區裡生意興隆。一排排深灰色高樓矗立在一片巨大的圍牆內，圍牆四周環繞著玫瑰花籬和成排的摩托車。大門內，一塊紅色標誌閃爍著中國領導人習近平的重要口號：「中國夢」。

浪潮集團由山東省控股，最初是一家國有電子工廠。它研發出了世界上第一台能夠顯示中文的傳呼機。十多年前，中國軍方和政府開始使用浪潮的伺服器，以減少對外國公司的依賴。

這使得浪潮成為美國的目標。 2020年，特朗普政府將其列入中國軍工企業名單。 2023年，拜登政府稱浪潮集團尋求美國技術製造軍用超級計算機，並將其列入實體清單。這意味著美國公司如果沒有特殊許可，就無法再向其供貨。

然而，一個漏洞很快就出現了。像英特爾這樣的公司一直以來都是向浪潮的子公司而非母公司銷售產品，而該禁令並未涵蓋子公司。

兩年後，特朗普第二任期政府堵住了部分漏洞，將浪潮的部分子公司列入黑名單。Aivres並不在名單中。

引人注目的關聯

記錄顯示，數十億美元的先進伺服器和其他技術產品從Aivres和浪潮的其他全球子公司流向東南亞各地的雲端運算和組裝公司。

其中一個關聯尤為引人注目。 Maginfra去年在中國成立，並迅速與一家馬來西亞電子公司開展了密切的業務往來。這家馬來西亞電子公司與浪潮在香港、中國大陸、美國和新加坡的公司都有業務交往。

ImportGenius的數據顯示，Maginfra在六個月內從馬來西亞向中國進出口了價值超過7億美元的伺服器，其中包括1,500多台價格與高階人工智能功能相符的伺服器。這些條目並無伺服器或晶片的詳細描述，但標明了每台價格。

Maginfra 的公開資訊很少，文件上也看不出與浪潮有任何直接聯繫。該公司為國營企業，辦公地點與浪潮總部僅一街之隔。公司記錄顯示，Maginfra 母公司的法定代表人曾在浪潮子公司或投資夥伴公司擔任職務。

據數據平台 Wirescreen 稱，Maginfra 註冊的許多專利都是由曾在浪潮工作的發明人申請的。兩家公司的網站也驚人地相似。

週二，The Times記者前往 Maginfra 在中國的註冊地址時，發現那裡空無一人。一間上了鎖的小房間裡擺放著幾張椅子和幾張空桌子，沒有任何標示。該樓層的員工表示他們從未見過有人使用這間辦公室，而大樓的前台接待人員則表示他們從未聽說過 Maginfra 這家公司。

華盛頓一家非營利研究機構C4ADS分析的公開文件顯示，中國大學，一些與國防研究相關的，正在尋求並有時獲得搭載由Maginfra和浪潮製造的先進電腦晶片的伺服器。

根據香港聯交所的文件顯示，Maginfra還在11月簽署了一份合同，向一家中國國有銀行的子公司出售價值1.65億美元的高性能電腦技術。

ImportGenius 研究主管 William George 分析了貿易記錄後表示： “很難不把這看作是一個由中國政府支持的繞過出口管制的網絡。”

但根據《紐約時報》查閱的文件顯示，特朗普政府今年批准了 Maginfra 公司獲得英偉達性能較低的 H200 晶片的授權。The Times先前也曾報道這項授權。

Aivres 子公司在矽谷仍然非常活躍。該公司曾宣傳使用 AMD 技術的 AI 伺服器，並被列為英偉達的「精英」合作夥伴，同時也是英偉達在加州聖荷西舉辦的年度大會的贊助商。 （AMD 拒絕置評。）

今年 5 月，英偉達宣布 Aivres 是二十多家正在全面生產下一代 AI 技術伺服器的公司之一。

               So, in March 2023, the United States added Inspur Group to a blacklist with more than 3,000 companies that have been restricted from doing business with the United States because they are considered a security risk. But not long after, the Inspur sign was changed to Aivres, with the intention to evade American restrictions. In May, Nvidia announced that Aivres was among the more than two dozen companies in full-scale production of the servers that would supply its next generation of A.I. technology. Apparently, Chinese tech giant is still buying America’s best A.I. chips from the United States.