Recently Jacky FUNG 馮智政 in his Patron published the following:
Education|人工智能聰明了,但人類智能蠢了
By Jacky FUNG 馮智政
Jacky FUNG 馮智政 Patron (https://www.patreon.com/jackyfungcc/posts/education-ren-170778249)
Mon, Sep 28 at 3:40 p.m.
國際學生能力評估PISA
2025 創新低,科技融入學習做錯嗎?
人工智能在今年上海國際數學奧林匹克考得滿分。同一時間,經合組織公布
#PISA2025:經合組織國家十五歲學生的閱讀、數學、科學平均分,三科同創有紀錄以來最低¹。閱讀十年跌了28分,按經合組織「約20分等於一年學習進度」換算,等於少讀了一年半書。三科都達不到基本水平的學生,由三年前每六個一個,升至每五個一個¹。
01/
跌在哪裡,比跌了多少更値得留意。讀得快、答得錯的「急讀」學生,七年間接近倍增至9%;超過三分一學生查證過資料來源,最後仍然選擇相信直覺¹。這不是學少了,而是讀書的方式變了,補習加操解決不了。
❚ ❚ 問題在AI出現前已經開始
02/
第一個原因是屏幕本身。多項整合研究發現,紙本閱讀的理解程度一直勝過屏幕,而且2000年後進行的研究差距更大,數碼原住民一樣輸;更麻煩的是,在屏幕上閱讀的人,還會以為自己明白了²。
這並非新發現。經合組織早在2015年已經警告,在學校電腦上花大錢的國家,成績沒有改善³。十年後,瑞典掉頭買回印刷書⁴。
屏幕之外,專注力亦同時被拆走。資訊學教授Gloria Mark追蹤上班族近二十年,人在屏幕前停留而不轉走的時間,由2004年的兩分半鐘縮至47秒⁵。讀懂一篇教材,需要的專注以小時計。
❚ ❚ 用AI做功課的真正代價
03/
經濟學者Strömberg、Lei與Wu追蹤兩萬六千多名中國中學生,發現用AI做功課後,功課分數升了18%,半年內月考卻跌了20%⁶。
受創最深的,竟是成績最好的三分一,跌幅達24%。
但損失並非人人有份,而是集中在約八成「外判功課」的學生身上:做得特別快、分數特別高的那一批⁶。PISA看到同一件事:用AI代勞的學生成績偏低;每週用一兩次輔助學習的,與不用者相若;經常使用而又學過分辨AI真偽的,才稍勝一籌¹。AI不是捷徑,最好的情況,只是沒有蝕,再加一點。
分野不在用不用AI,而在省下的時間去了哪裡。本來要90分鐘的功課,40分鐘做完,多出來的那一截,是誰替你想的?
省下的時間,就是被外判的思考。
❚ ❚ 揀學校,應該問甚麼
04/
經合組織教育總監Andreas
Schleicher點名南韓,形容其科技運用更深思熟慮、更有意圖,用法由教師設計⁷。這份克制由來已久:2015年,南韓學生每日在校用電腦只有9分鐘,不到澳洲的六分之一³。
以後揀學校,就不要只問有多少部機械人、多少部3D打印機,要問兩件事:功課的設計,有沒有令學生非花時間不可;AI的用法,由老師設計,還是由學生自決。
PS:人工智能愈來愈聰明,學生的智能愈來愈薄弱,到時誰是贏家,誰是輸家?
¹ OECD, PISA 2025 Results (Volume I), 2026;Country Note: Hong Kong (China) ² Delgado et al., Educational Research Review, 2018;Clinton, Journal of Research in Reading, 2019 ³ OECD, Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection, 2015 ⁴ 美聯社,2023年9月 ⁵ Gloria Mark, Attention Span, 2023 ⁶ Strömberg, Lei & Wu, The Generative AI Learning Penalty, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 21577, 2026(未經同行評審) ⁷ Financial Times,2026年9月8日 ⁸ Smartphone Free Childhood, Parent Pact, 2024(簽署數字為機構自報)
(Source: https://www.patreon.com/jackyfungcc/posts/education-ren-170778249)
Comment:
So, it is noted that PISA 2025 scores hit a new
low; did we make a mistake in integrating technology into learning? The article
suggested that the problem started before the advent
of AI. The first reason is the screen itself. Analyses have found that reading
comprehension on paper has consistently outperformed screens. It is also
shocking to note that this is not a new discovery. As early as in 2015, the
OECD warned that countries spending large amounts of money on school computers
saw no improvement in academic performance. A decade later, Sweden reversed
course and brought back printed books. Apparent, printed media still has it
value.
Note:
1. Jacky Fung
Chi Ching (馮智政) is a prominent Hong Kong think-tank researcher, political commentator,
and media host. He holds a master's degree in International Relations from HKU
and pursued a doctorate in Education at CUHK. Fung has worked extensively with
institutions like the Hong Kong Policy Research Institute and the Roundtable
think tank. Widely recognized for his sharp socio-political analysis, he has
hosted popular radio and television programs, including Commercial Radio Hong
Kong's Guan Ming Ding. Currently based in the UK, Fung continues to engage
audiences globally through his analytical YouTube platform, the Sinic Political
and Economic Channel. (Google)
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