Recently Nihon Keizai Shimbun electronic version reported
the following:
中国スマホ決済、止まらぬ進化 年3000兆円規模に
ネット・IT 中国・台湾 アジアBiz
2019/9/15 23:00日本経済新聞 電子版
【上海=張勇祥】3000兆円近くに拡大した中国のスマートフォン決済が進化を続けている。支払いにとどまらず、医療や金融など重要な個人情報を扱うサービスにも広がる。それぞれ10億人規模の利用者を抱えるアリババ集団と騰訊控股（テンセント）は無数のビジネスを生んだ。あらゆる決済を捕捉する情報管理社会は先進国のビジネスと折り合えない部分もあるが、雇用を創り利便性を高めたとして中国人の信頼は高い。
アリババが本社を置く浙江省杭州。余杭第一人民医院では診察を待つ患者の姿が大きく減り、会計窓口でも人影はまばらだ。顔認証による予約から診察、支払いまで「手ぶらサービス」を導入したためだ。
スマホ決済の支付宝（アリペイ）から発展した。保険証とスマホ決済、顔データをひも付ければ診療予約はスマホで30秒で済む。診察室に顔認証用カメラを据え、診療結果の保存からアリペイを通じた支払いまでほぼ自動だ。
技術的には個人を見分ける顔認証や、銀行と資金をやり取りするアリペイを結びつけた程度だ。だがアリババは「看病難（医者にかかるのが難しい）」といわれた光景を一変させた。医療データを収集し、人工知能（AI）を活用した自動診断の新事業も探る。
民間調査では過去1年のスマホ決済は178兆元（約2700兆円）に達しなお伸びる。英調査会社RBRによると、世界のカード決済は2017年に25兆ドル（約2700兆円）強で、単純比較はできないが、ほぼ同規模に当たる。ICT総研（東京・千代田）によると日本のスマホを使ったキャッシュレス決済は18年度で1.1兆円にとどまる。
アリババが生んだ就業機会は関連産業を含め4千万に達したとの調査もある。10日に会長を退いた馬雲（ジャック・マー）氏はこの規模を1億人に広げ「アリババ経済圏を国内総生産とみなした場合、世界5位の『経済大国』を目指す」と語る。
絵空事ではない。日本経済新聞社が上海や江蘇省、浙江省などの50人余に実施したアンケートでは、過去1カ月に現金を一度も使わなかったとの回答が4割に上った。
江蘇省南京のソフトウエアエンジニア、胡明強さん（28）は7月に独フォルクスワーゲン（VW）のセダン「ラヴィーダ」を購入した。頭金の6万元はアリペイで決済した。胡さんが過去1カ月に現金を使ったのは「飲み物5元と駐車料金20元」という。
集まるデータは無数の新たなビジネスを生み出す。「利用限度額は8万元、利息は1日当たり残高の0.05%です」。アリペイのアプリで何回かタップすると「借唄」の画面に着く。傘下の金融会社を通じて手がける小口融資だ。
限度額や金利はAIが判断する。スマホ通販の淘宝網（タオバオ）で代金の踏み倒しはないか。アリペイで公共料金やスマホ利用料を滞納していないか。決済行動すべてが評価対象だ。与信枠を設け、利用者がクレジットカードのように後払いできる「花唄」というサービスも展開する。
AI融資の正確さは一般の金融機関をしのぐ。アリババは小口融資を数十億元ごとに一束にまとめ、投資家に売却して資金を回収する。その資料によると、融資が不良債権となる比率は17年6月時点で0.47%で、中国の商業銀行の平均の1.8%を下回る。
個人情報の保護を重んじる日米などの先進国とは異なり、薄気味悪さをしのぐ利便性や経済面のメリットがあれば受け入れるというのが中国を包む空気だ。日経のアンケートで現金主体の決済を貫いているとの答えは1人だけだった。スマホ決済の急激な拡大は中国特有の事情に支えられている面もある。
Translation
[Shanghai = Zhang
Yuxiang] Smartphone payments in China, which had expanded to nearly 3000
trillion yen, continued to evolve. It covered not only payment but also
services that handled important personal information such as medical care and
finance. The Alibaba group and Tencent, each with one billion users, had
produced countless businesses. While an information management society that
captured all settlement details would in some aspects could not be squared with
business in developed countries, yet the trust of the Chinese was high because
it created employment and improved convenience.
Alibaba had its headquarters at Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.
The number of patients waiting for medical examinations at the Yohang 1st
People's Clinic had greatly decreased and its accounts office was quiet. This was
because a “hand-free service” had been introduced - from appointments through
face recognition to medical examinations and payments.
It evolved from the Payment Treasure (Alipay) for smartphone
payments. If you linked your insurance card, smartphone payment, and face data,
you could make a medical appointment in 30 seconds on your smartphone. A face
authentication camera was installed in the examination room, and everything
from storing medical results to payment through Alipay were almost automatic.
Technically, it combined facial recognition to identify
individuals, and then just to tie-up between Alipay money exchanging with the
bank. Yet Alibaba had completely changed the situation of “Kànbìng nán (it is
difficult to see a doctor)”. A new business of automatic diagnosis which collected
medical data and used artificial intelligence (AI) was now being explored.
According to a private survey, smartphone payments in the
past year had reached 178 trillion yuan (about 2700 trillion yen) and were
still growing. According to a British research firm RBR, global card payments were
just over $ 25 trillion in 2017, while a simple comparation could not be made, yet
they were having the same size. According to ICT Research Institute (Tokyo /
Chiyoda), cashless payment using Japanese smartphones was only 1.1 trillion yen
in FY2018.
According to some studies, Alibaba, including related
industries, had created 40 million job opportunities. Jack Ma, who retired from
the chairmanship on the 10th had said that, having a size of reaching
100 million people, “if we consider the Alibaba economic zone as gross domestic
product, we aim to become the fifth largest ‘economic power’ in the world.”
It's not a fabrication. In a survey conducted by Nihon
Keizai Shimbun on over 50 people in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, 40% of
respondents said that they had never used cash in the past month.
Jiangsu Nanjing software engineer Hu Mingqiang (28)
purchased the Volkswagen (VW) sedan "Lavida" in July. The down
payment of 60,000 yuan was settled by Alipay. In the past month Mr. Hu used cash
“to pay drinks for 5 yuan and parking fee 20 yuan".
Data collection had created countless new businesses. “The
limit is 80,000 yuan and the interest are 0.05% of the balance per day.” Tap on
the Alipay app several times the screen of “Jiè bei /Debt Song” would come out.
It was a small loan handled through an affiliated financial company.
AI would determine the limit and interest rate. Wasn't there
a failure to repay money spent on Taobao using smartphone mail order? Were you
delaying paying public charges or smartphone usage charges with Alipay? All
payment actions were subject to evaluation. A credit line would be set up to
provide a service called " Huā bei/Flower song", which allowed users
to pay after-payment like a credit card.
The accuracy of AI loans surpassed ordinary financial
institutions. Alibaba collected small loans together in billions of yuan, sold
them to investors to collect back the funds. According to the data, the ratio
of loans to bad loans was 0.47% as of June 2017, which was 1.8% lower than the
average of Chinese commercial banks.
Unlike developed countries such as Japan and the United
States, which placed great importance on protecting personal information, the atmosphere
surrounding China was to accept convenience and economic benefits over the undesirables.
In the Nikkei questionnaire, only one person answered that they were making
cash-based payments. The rapid expansion of smartphone payments had also been supported
by the circumstances peculiar to China.
So, China is pioneering
a social experiment in slighting the importance of protecting personal
information etc. for the benefit of convenience. The reasons for this social
change perhaps need a social scientist to explain.
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