国際特許出願、アジアが初の5割超、中国がけん引 - 世界知的所有権機関（WIPO）調べ
ヨーロッパ
2019/3/19 8:07
【ジュネーブ=細川倫太郎】知的財産権でアジア勢の存在感が増している。世界知的所有権機関（WIPO）が19日発表した2018年の特許の国際出願件数で、アジアの国からの出願が初めて5割を超えた。通信や人工知能（AI）関連などで中国の勢いが鮮明で首位の米国を急速に追い上げている。日本も存在感を保っているものの、米中2強が技術革新の主役を担う構図が鮮明になってきた。
WIPOによると、世界全体の出願件数は前年比4%増の25万3千件と9年連続で増加し、過去最多を更新した。出願の51%はアジアからで、欧州が25%、北米が23%と続く。AIや自動運転など新技術の開発競争が激しくなり、各国の企業や研究者が知財の確保を急いでいる。
2位の中国は9%増の5万3345件と、首位の米国（1%減の5万6142件）に接近する。一方、技術革新をリードしてきた米国の出願は減少傾向にある。日本は3%増の4万9702件と前年と同じ3位。WIPOのガリ事務局長は「中国は国家主導で巨額の研究開発費を投じて、技術開発にまい進している」とし、「このままいけば2年以内に中国が米国を抜く」と予測する。
韓国やインドの勢いも目立つ。インドの前年比伸び率は27%に達した。インドではこの6年で7200～7700社のスタートアップが生まれ、あらゆるモノがネットでつながる「IoT」など最先端技術を駆使する企業が増えている。
個別企業では上位10社のうち、日中韓の企業が6社を占めた。1位は前年に続き中国通信機器最大手、華為技術（ファーウェイ）で、次世代高速通信「5G」関連の特許全体の約3割を占めるとされる。2位に順位を上げた三菱電機は、自動車の制御技術などの開発に力を入れている。17年に9位だったソニーは13位まで順位を下げた。
教育機関の出願件数は、上位10校の9校をカリフォルニア大、深圳大など米中の大学がしめた。日本の最高は11位の大阪大学で、東京大学は14位だった。
WIPOは商品やサービスの名称を守る「商標」と製品の形状などを保護する「意匠」の18年の国際出願件数も発表した。商標は6%増の6万1200件で、国別では首位は米国、2位はドイツ、3位に中国がランクインした。意匠は4%増の5404件だった。
中国は国家戦略「中国製造2025」を掲げ、半導体関連企業の育成に力を注ぐ。これに対し、米トランプ政権は中国の知的財産の侵害や、補助金など政府支援を批判。技術革新で急速に力をつけて、覇権を脅かしつつある中国への警戒感を強めている。
Translation
Europe
2019/3/19 8:07
[Geneva = Rintaro Hosokawa] The presence of Asians in
intellectual property rights was increasing. According to the number of international
applications filed for patents in 2018 announced by the World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO) on 19th, applications from Asian countries
exceeded 50% for the first time. China's momentum in the area of
communications, artificial intelligence (AI), etc. was rapidly catching up the
leader the United States. Although Japan also maintained its presence, the
composition of two strong players of US and China in play a leading role in
technological innovation had become clearer.
According to WIPO, the number of applications year-on-year worldwide
had increased by 4% to 253,000, an increase for nine consecutive years,
reaching a record high. Fifty one percent of applications were from Asia,
followed by Europe 25% and North America 23%. Competition for the development
of new technologies such as AI and automatic driving was intensifying; companies and researchers from various countries were rushing to secure their
intellectual properties.
China ranked second with 53,345, an increase of 9 percent
and approaching the leading US (56,142, a decrease of 1 percent). On the other
hand, US applications in leading technological innovation were on the decline.
Japan ranked third which was the same as the previous year with 49,702 cases that
was a 3% increase. According to WIPO's General Secretary Gurry, "China is
spending a huge amount on research and development on a country-led basis to
advance technology development," and predicted that "China will lead
the United States within two years if this goes on."
The momentum of Korea and India also stood out. India’s year
to year growth rate reached 27 percent. In India, the starting-up of 7200 to
7700 companies in six years was noted, more and more companies were making full
use of the latest technologies such as IoT whcich everything would be connected
to the Internet.
By individual companies, among the top 10 companies six were
from China, Japan and Korea. Following the previous year, Huawei Co., Ltd., the
largest telecommunications equipment company in China, accounted for about 30%
of all patents related to the next-generation high-speed communication
"5G". Mitsubishi Electric, which ranked second, focused on developing
control technologies for automobiles. Sony, which was ninth in 2017, dropped to
13th.
As for the number of applications from educational
institutions, in the top 10 list, 9 came from universities in the US and China,
such as the University of California and Shenzhen University. Japan's highest
was Osaka University at 11th place, and Tokyo University was at 14th place.
WIPO also announced the number of international applications
filed in 2018 respectively for "trademarks" that protected the names
of products and services, and "designs" that protected the shape of
products. Trademarks increased 6% to 61,200, and the United States ranked first
by country, second was Germany, and third was China. Designs was 5404, up 4%.
China had set a national strategy the "Made in China
2025" and focused on fostering semiconductor related companies. In
response, the US Trump administration criticized China's infringement of
intellectual properties and governmental supports in forms of subsidies etc.
The US’s sense of vigilance towards China was strengthening as the latter was
threatening the supremacy of the former by rapidly putting resources on
technological revolution.
It seems
that China is doing well in making new innovations. I am interested in knowing
how the Trump administration could rectify China's infringement of intellectual
properties and giving out governmental supports to companies in forms of subsidies etc.
Probably, all these will be touched on in the trade negotiations now under way
between the US and China.
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