中国維持治安費用増加６.１％

Last month the Mainichi News on-line reported the following:

中国全人代:治安維持費６．１％増　不満、力で抑え込み

毎日新聞　2014年03月05日　22時08分

　中国の習近平（しゅう・きんぺい）指導部は５日開幕した全国人民代表大会（全人代＝国会）で、２０１４年度に国内の治安維持に使われる中央政府の「公共安全」予算案として前年度実績比６．１％増の２０５０億元（約３兆４０００億円）を計上した。貧富の格差や抑圧的な少数民族政策への不満を力で抑え込む方針を鮮明にした。

　中国では土地の強制収用や官僚腐敗、公害問題に怒った民衆による抗議活動が年々増加。ウイグル族やチベット族など少数民族による暴力事件や焼身自殺も相次いでおり、社会の不安定化が深刻さを増している。（共同）

(試譯文)

At the National People's Congress (N P C = the Parliament) opened on the 5^th (March), Xi Jinping’s Guidance Department of China calculated that for the 2014 fiscal year, the central government's "public safety" draft budget for the maintenance of domestic public order would add up to 205 billion yuan (about 3,400 billion yen), being an increase of 6.1% compared with the actual record of last fiscal year. It made clear a plan to use power to suppress the dissatisfaction towards the gap between the wealthy and poor, and towards the repressive policy over the minority ethnic groups.

  

In China, protest activities by the public who were angry with the compulsory expropriation of land, the bureaucrat decomposition, and the pollution problems were increasing every year. Also there were lots of violence incidents, and cases of suicide by fire by ethnic minorities, such as the Uighur people and the Tibet people. Increasingly social instability is becoming serious.

     A 6.1% increase is a huge amount of money.

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CNN.co.jp on 13^th April 2014 carried the following article. For record purpose I copy it to my blog for reference and to trace the development of the China’ Dream.

「中国の夢」、幻想か現実か

2014.04.13 Sun posted at 18:15 JST

北京（ＣＮＮ） 米国人の誰もが「アメリカン・ドリーム」を夢見るように、中国人にも夢がある。習近平（シーチンピン）国家主席は、指導者の座について以来、このような「中国の夢」について熱弁してきた。庶民の夢について、中国でこれほど強力かつ雄弁に語られるのは、かつてないことだ。

習主席が初めて「中国の夢」に言及したのは２０１２年、中国共産党総書記に就任して直後のことだ。北京の国家博物館で「復興の道」展を見学した習氏は談話を発表、中華民族の偉大な復興を実現することこそ中国の夢だと述べた。

さらに国家主席に選出後の１３年３月１７日、主席としての初めての演説で、「中国の夢」を前面に押し出した。「中国の夢は民族全体の夢であり、一人ひとりの中国人の夢でもある。中国の夢とはつまり人民の夢だ。人民と共に実現し、人民に幸せをもたらすものだ」と語ったのである。

宣伝キャンペーン

この演説以来、「中国の夢」という言葉は一気に人口に膾炙（かいしゃ）した。政府がこのスローガンを強力に宣伝したことも大きい。学会やテレビ番組など、至る所で「中国の夢」が中心テーマとして取り上げられるようになったのである。

改革

汚職対策という面に限っていえば、習主席自身、このスローガンを有言実行したといえる。かつてないほど厳しく汚職を取り締まり、就任からわずか１年あまりのうちに、２０人の政府高官を調査し処罰した。さらに「８項目の規定」「６項目の禁令」を採択、公務の簡素化を図るとともに、公費よるぜいたくを禁じた。

ただ、賄賂や官位売買、地上げ、権力乱用といった不正は、いまだ中国社会最大の課題となっている。依然として不正がはびこる中では、夢の実現どころか、人々の政府への不信の念が募る一方だ。

信頼を取り戻す

中国が経済的にも軍事的にも大きく力をつけ、庶民の暮らし向きも豊かになってきたのとは裏腹に、人々は政府や国の未来への信頼を失いつつあるかにみえる。怒りと絶望にさいなまれる中国人も増えているようだ。

習主席が「中国の夢」について明言し不正対策を講じているのは、党と政府への人々の信頼を取り戻すため、指導層として第一歩を踏み出したということだろう。これまでのところ、習主席の施策は熱狂的な支持を受けている。おそらく鄧小平以来、国民に最も人気がある指導者なのではないだろうか。

しかし、人々の夢が１人の指導者に依存しているようでは、法の支配とはいえないだろう。それでは、指導者が退任したり誤った決断を下したりした際、一緒に中国の夢までついえてしまう。

国民の大々的な支持を集めている今だからこそ、習主席は制度改革に着手し、あらゆる中国人が夢を抱き実現できるよう、国民主体の制度を整備しなければならない。改革が目標とするのは政治経済の発展だけでない。米国人が「アメリカン・ドリーム」に誇りを抱くように、中国人も「中国の夢」に真の自負を持つことができる、そんな未来を目指しているのである。

(本記事は北京外国語大学英語学院教授であり、政治学が専門のシエ・タオ氏によるものです。記事における意見や見解はすべて謝韜氏個人ものです。)

Translation

"Chinese Dream", fantasy or reality

2014.04.13 Sun posted at 18:15 JST

Beijing (CNN)   Just as every American had an "American Dream", every Chinese  also had a dream. Xi Jinping the State Chairman, since taking up the leadership, had been spiel about such "Chinese Dream". In China it had never been so powerfully and eloquently in talking about the common people's dream.

Xi first mentioned “the dream of China” in 2012, shortly after he became the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party. After visiting the “Recovery Road” exhibition at Beijing's National Museum, Mr. Xi made a talk and stated that it was China's dream to realize the great recovery of Chinese people.

In addition, on March 17, 2013, after being elected as the Chairman of the State, in his first speech as the Chairman, he pushed "the dream of China" to the front. "The dream of China was the dream of the whole nation, and the dream of each individual Chinese. The dream of China was, in other words, the dream of the people. It was said that the dream would be realized with the people and would bring happiness to the people."

Promotional campaign

Since this speech, the word "China's dream" had at once became a popular phrase among the population.  The government’s forceful promotion of this slogan was huge. "China's Dream" was taken up as a central theme everywhere, such as in academic societies and television programs.

Reform

As far as anti-corruption measures were concerned, it could be said that the Chairman himself was true to the words of this slogan. Cracking down corruption as never before, he investigated and punished 20 high-ranking government officials in less than a year. Furthermore, the government adopted the "Rule on eight items " and the "Ban on six items" to simplify public affairs and prohibit luxurious charging on public spending.

However, injustices such as bribery, official position trading, land raising, abuse of power were still the biggest issues in Chinese society. In the midst of injustice, even the dream was realized, the people went the other way in not trusting the government.

Regain trust

 China had put in great effort on economic and military power; while the well-being of the general population was getting better, people seemed to be losing confidence in the future of the government and the country. It seems that more Chinese were angry and desperate.

The leader of China had stated that “China's dream” and was taking measures against corruption, he has taken the first step as a leader for the purpose of regaining the people's trust in the Party and the government. So far, the policies of the Chairman had received enthusiastic support. Perhaps, since Deng Xiaoping, he was the most popular leader among the people.

However, if people's dreams depend on one leader, it might not be the rule of law. So, when a leader resigned or made a wrong decision, together the China's dream would dwindle away.

Now that a massive support from the people had been received, the Chairman should start reforming the system and develop a people-centered system so that all Chinese could have their dreams come true. The goal of reform was not only the development of political economy. Just as Americans took pride in the American Dream, Chinese people were looking for a future where they could have true pride in the China dream.