戰爭期間 “醫學犯罪”：731部隊等 ... 醫生獨自計劃展覽

戦中の「医学犯罪」:７３１部隊など…医師ら独自に企画展

A few weeks ago the Mainichi News on-line reported the following:

毎日新聞　2015年03月04日　21時44分

　戦時中に人体実験を重ね細菌兵器を開発した旧日本陸軍の秘密機関７３１部隊など医師らによる「医学犯罪」を問い直す企画展が１３日から、京都市で開かれる。戦後７０年を迎える今年、同市では４月に全国の医師らが集う８年ぶりの「日本医学会総会」が開かれるが、医学界の戦争協力は取り上げられない。このため医療関係者や弁護士らの団体が独自に検証することになった。

　７３１部隊は細菌兵器を開発し、中国で細菌戦も実行した。隊員は支部を含め約３５００人いたとみられるが、東京裁判での責任追及はされなかった。政府は細菌戦を認めていない。

　企画展は「歴史を踏まえた日本の医の倫理の課題」と題し、３月１３〜１５日に同市北区の立命館大国際平和ミュージアムで開催。さらに医学会総会期間中の４月１２日、知恩院和順会館（同市東山区）で７３１部隊に関する展示や講演、医師らが出席するシンポジウムを計画している。

　主催団体側は１年前から医学会総会内で関連資料の展示を求めてきたが採用されなかった。実行委員長の垣田さち子・京都府保険医協会理事長（６６）は「現在も薬害や臨床データ改ざんなど理解し難い事件が繰り返されるのは、医の倫理に関する反省がないから。なぜいまだに負の歴史に向き合えないのかを問いたい」と指摘する。【千葉紀和】

(試譯文)

An exhibition was planned to be held in Kyoto city from the 13th (March) that reflected on the "medical crime" by doctors of the secret 731 units of the old Japanese army which repeatedly performed experiments using human body during wartime to developed germ weapons. This year was the 70th year after the war, the "Japan Medical Science Association General Meeting" would be held in April again after eight years by doctors of the whole country gathering at the said city, yet the war matter cooperation could not be obtained from the medical community. For this reason, a group of medical experts and lawyers were going to do the verification by themselves.

  The 731 units developed germ weapons and carried out germ warfare in China. It was considered that this branch had about 3500 members, but a search for responsibility had not been done by the Tokyo Tribunal of War Criminals. The government did not admit to any germ warfare.

  This planned exhibition was entitled "Problems of the Japanese medical ethics based on history" and it would be held at the Ritsumeikan University International Peace Museum in the Kita district of the said city on March 13th-15th. On April 12 during the medical science association general meeting period, exhibitions about 731 units, lectures and the symposium attended by doctors were planned to be held at Chion-in Wajunkaikan (in Higashiyama district of the same city).

  At a medical society council a year ago the host organization had asked for the related materials for exhibition but was not allowed. Kakita Sachiko (66), the executive chairperson cum the chief director of the Kyoto Medical Practitioners Association pointed out that “currently chemical injuries and clinical data tampering cases which are difficult to understand are being repeated because there is no reflection on medical ethics. I would like to ask why each other still cannot face the dark history".

Topics such as war crime, germ warfare, and the secret 731 units of the old Japanese army are sensitive words for the Japanese government.

山內資料館宣布：是約翰萬次郎攝製吉田東洋的照片......

A few weeks ago the Yomiuri News on-line reported the following:

ジョン万次郎:吉田東洋の写真を撮影…山内家資料館発表

毎日新聞　2015年03月13日　22時56分

　高知市の土佐山内家宝物資料館は１３日、幕末に尊王攘夷（じょうい）派に暗殺された土佐藩参政、吉田東洋の写真を撮影したのは、日本人で初めて米国へ渡ったジョン万次郎だったと発表した。

　ガラス板を使った米国式の湿板写真で縦１０．９センチ、横８．２センチ。東洋の日記から暗殺前年の１８６１年１月２９日に江戸で撮影され、昨秋、東洋の子孫から同館に寄贈された。

　東京大史料編纂（へんさん）所などの調査で、この技法を当時の江戸で使えたのは、同じ土佐人の万次郎だけと判明。歴史的一枚に、研究者は「写真の夜明けぜよ」。【岩間理紀】

(試譯文)

On the 13th (March) for the first time the Tosa Yamauchi Family Treasure and Archives in Kochi city announced that it was John Manjiro, the first Japanese to migrate to the USA, that took the picture Yoshida Toyo who was a Tosa feudal clan politic participant assassinated during the late Bakufu period by the political party that advocated reverence for the Emperor and expulsion of foreigners.

  It was an American system wet plate photo, using a glass plate measuring 10.9 centimeters in length and 8.2 centimeters in width. Based on the diary of Toyo, the picture was taken in Edo on 29th January 1861, before the assassination. It was donated to the said Archives by Toyo’s descendants last autumn.

  According to an investigation by the University of Tokyo Historiography Institute, in those days in Edo the one who could use this technique was Manjiro who was some one from the same Tosa. As a piece of history, the researchers said that it "sheds light on the unknown of a picture".

My understanding is that in 1861 photography was a very new invention, and it would cost a lot of money to take one photo.

指著圖畫書來對話：群馬縣餐館利用插圖交流

A few weeks ago the Mainichi News on-line reported the following:

指差し会話ブック:イラストで意思疎通　群馬の飲食店に

毎日新聞　2015年03月09日　21時11分（最終更新　03月09日　22時09分）

　飲食店で外国人客とのやりとりがスムーズにできるよう、群馬県飲食業生活衛生同業組合は、イラストを指して意思疎通できる「指差し会話ブック」を作成。県内２０００店に設置した。

　草津、伊香保など有名温泉地や世界遺産の富岡製糸場があり、外国人観光客が増加していることから作成を決めた。イラストと共に料理の種類を英語、中国語、韓国語、タイ語で表記している。

　来店から会計まで場面ごとに構成。営業時間や禁煙・喫煙の別、食材や調理法、食器の種類や「トイレはどこですか」といった会話例まであり「おもてなし」の心もたっぷり盛り付けた。【角田直哉】

(試譯文)

In order that communication with foreign visitors could be done smoothly in restaurants, Gunma prefecture’s Restaurant Business Life Hygiene Trade Association had made a "Pointing conversation book" to enhance the dialogue by pointing at an illustration. It was set up in 2,000 shops in the prefecture.

 Because there were famous spa at Kusatsu and Ikaho etc. and the Tomioka Silk Mill was the world's cultural and natural heritage, a decision was made noting that foreigner tourists were increasing. Along with the illustrations, the different kinds of dishes were being translated into English, Chinese, Korean and Thai.

 It consisted of every situation from entering into the shop to making payments. A lot of heart felt "hospitality" tips were being laid out such as business hours, differentiation on smoking and no-smoking, cooking ingredient and the recipe, types of tableware, and even conversation example on "Where is the restroom"?

So tourists will feel more comfortable when they communicate with the shop keepers etc. through these picture books.

中國國防支出增加10.1％

A few weeks ago the NHK News on-line reported the following:

中国国防費 １０．１％の増加

3月5日 9時18分

中国政府はことしの予算案を５日明らかにし、国防費は８８６９億人民元（日本円でおよそ１７兆円）で、去年の執行額と比べて１０．１％増え、二桁の高い伸び率となりました。

中国政府は、５日開会の全人代＝全国人民代表大会で審議されることしの予算案を明らかにしました。
このうち、ことしの国防費の予算は、中央政府分だけで８８６８億９８００万人民元（日本円でおよそ１７兆円）で、去年に比べて１０．１％増え、二桁の高い伸び率となりました。
中国の国防費は１９８９年以降、２０１０年を除いて毎年二桁の伸びを記録しています。
中国の国防費はアメリカに次いで世界第２位の規模で、ことしの予算案は２０１４年度の日本の防衛関連予算、およそ４兆９０００億円の３．５倍に当たります。
国防費の大幅な増加について４日、全人代の傅瑩報道官は、「装備の研究開発は大部分は自国で行い、場合によっては一から行わなければならない。中国の国防政策は防御的なものだ」と説明しています。
ただ中国政府は国防費の内訳を公表していないほか、実際には軍が行う研究開発や宇宙開発にかかる費用などが、公表される国防費とは別枠になっているとみられるなど、透明性は不十分だという国際社会の懸念の声も上がっています。

(試譯文)

On the 5th (March) the Chinese government disclosed this year's budget: its defense expense was 886,900 million rmb (in Japanese yen approximately 17,000,000 million yen), being an increase of 10.1 % compared with the amount spent last year and was a two-digit high growth rate.

The Chinese government disclosed the budget to be deliberated by the NPC: the National People's Congress opened on the 5^th (March).

Inside it, on the defense budget of this year, merely for the central government it was 886,898 million rmb (in Japanese yen approximately 17,000,000 million yen), being an increase of 10.1 % compared with last year, and was a two-digit high growth rate.

The defense budget of China was recording a growth rate at two digits every year since 1989 except for the year 2010.

The size of defense budget for China was in the 2nd place in the world following the United States. This year's budget was 3.5 times more than Japan’s defense related budget of approximately 4,900,000 million yen for the fiscal year 2014.

On the 4th, about the substantial increase in the defense budget, Fu Ying the press attache of the National People's Congress explained that "most of the equipment study and development are done by our own country, in some cases it must be done from scratch. The Chinese national defense policy is for defending".

However, apart from the fact that a detailed break down of the defense budget was not announced officially, the actual army research and development together with its space development etc. were seen to have been separated from the announced defense budget etc. The international community had voiced their anxiety over the insufficient transparency.

Obviously China needs to spend a lot of money to handle issues related the sovereignty right disputes over the islands in the South China Sea with the ASEAN countries etc.

“智人屬”人類祖先最古老化石被發現?

A few weeks ago the NHK News on-line reported the following:

人類祖先の「ホモ属」 最古の化石発見か

3月5日 6時20分

アフリカのおよそ２８０万年前の地層から発掘された化石が、今の人類が属する「ホモ属」では最古のものとみられるとアメリカなどの研究チームが発表し、人類の進化の過程を探るうえで貴重な研究成果として注目されています。

これはアメリカのネバダ大学などの国際研究チームが４日、アメリカの科学雑誌「サイエンス」に発表したものです。
それによりますと、研究チームはアフリカのエチオピア北部でおととし、およそ２８０万年前の地層から化石を発見し詳しく分析しました。
化石は成人の下あごの左側の部分で、長さは８ｃｍほどあり、５つの歯がきれいに残っていました。
研究チームによりますと、この歯の形や並び方などに今の人類の祖先に当たる初期の「ホモ属」の特徴が多く見られるということです。
研究チームは、「ホモ属」の化石としてはこれまでに発見されたものよりおよそ４０万年ほど古く、最古の化石だとしています。
ただ、あごの大きさや形など、猿人に近い特徴も見られ、研究チームは、「猿人から初期のホモ属に進化する過程に当たる」と指摘しています。
研究チームによりますと、猿人から「ホモ属」へは２００万年前から３００万年前の間に進化したとみられていますが、まだ分かっていないことが多く、今回の成果は人類の進化の過程を探るうえで貴重な研究成果として注目されています。

(試譯文)

A research team from the United States etc. announced that, from an African stratum of approximately 2,800,000 years old, they found the oldest fossil of "homo genus" which the current humanity belonged; it attracted attention as a valuable study result for looking into the process of human evolution.

On the 4^th (March), an international research team from the American Nevada University released this in an American scientific journal the "Science".

Two years earlier the research team found a fossil from a stratum of approximately 2,800,000 years old at the north of Ethiopia in Africa and analyzed it in details.

The fossil was about 8 cm in length, being the left part of an adult's jaw with 5 teeth left behind beautifully.

According to the research team, it was said that based on the shape of the teeth and the way of arrangement, it was an early stage human ancestor that seemed to have many features of the "homo genus".

The research team supposed that, as a fossil of "homo genus", it was approximately 400,000 years older than the ones found so far, and became the oldest fossil.

However, it was also seen that the size and the shape of the jaw feature were close to the pithecanthropus. The research team pointed out that "it was in the process of evolving from pithecanthropus into an early stage homo genus".

According to the research team, it was thought that pithecanthropus evolved into the "homo genus" between 2 to 3 million years ago. Still many things were not fully understood. Regarding the study result this time, in terms of looking into the process of the human evolution, it caught attention because of its research value.

Obviously it is an important scientific discovery on the study of human evolution.

武藏號戰艦：艾倫宣布“發現船身”，視頻首次公開

A few weeks ago the Mainichi News on-line reported the following:

戦艦武蔵:アレン氏「船体を発見した」発表　動画も初公表

毎日新聞　2015年03月04日　23時02分（最終更新　03月04日　23時36分）

　米マイクロソフトの共同創業者で資産家のポール・アレン氏は４日、声明を出し、太平洋戦争で撃沈された戦艦武蔵の船体を「発見した」と発表した。また、海底で撮影した船体の動画を初めて自身のサイトで公表した。

　８年以上前から武蔵の探索を始め、今月１日に船体を確認したという。「父が米軍に従軍しており、子供の頃から大戦史に興味を持っていた。海軍史上、重要な戦艦を探し当てることができ、光栄だ」と述べた。

　アレン氏によると、探索には自身所有の大型船を使用。フィリピン中部シブヤン海で測量調査を実施して沈没場所を絞り込み、２月に無人海底探査機を投入。３回目の潜水で船体を確認したという。

　今後について「武蔵の船体は慰霊の場として適切に扱われるべきであり、日本政府と協力したい」と述べた。

　武蔵は１９４４年１０月２４日、シブヤン海で米軍機の攻撃を受けて沈没し、乗員約２４００人のうち約１０００人が死亡した。【三木幸治】

(試譯文)

Paul Allen, a co-founder of the Microsoft of the US and a man of means, on the 4^th (March) issued a statement to announce that the hull the battleship Musashi sunk in the Pacific War "was being found". Video images of the hull taken at the bottom of the sea were released in his web site for the first time.

    It was said that the hull was confirmed on the 1st of this month (March) since the search for Musashi had started more than 8 years ago. It stated that "my father had been campaigning in U.S. forces and I am interested in war history since childhood. The fact that it was possible to find an important battleship in naval history is an honor".

    According to Allen, he used a large ship of his own to conduct the search. A surveying search was carried out in Sibuyan Sea at the middle of the Philippines. The sinking place was narrowed down and an unmanned submarine searching device was employed in February. He said that the hull was confirmed on the 3rd time of the diving.

    About the future, it was stated that "the hull of Musashi as a place for the memory of spirits should be handled appropriately, and I would like to cooperate with the Japanese Government".

     Musashi was under attacks from the aircrafts of the U.S. at Sibuyan Sea and was sunk on October 24, 1944. Among the about 2,400 crews on board some 1,000 people lost their lives.

I think it is an interesting historical discovery on sea battles of WWII. 

中國網站添加日語和英語版“尖閣聲明“

A few weeks ago the Yomiuri News on-line reported the following:

中国「尖閣主張」サイトに日本語・英語版追加

2015年03月04日 19時03分

　【北京＝五十嵐文】中国国家海洋局直属の「国家海洋情報センター」は４日、沖縄県・尖閣諸島（中国名・釣魚島）に対する「主権」を国内外に主張するため昨年末に開設した中国語版のウェブサイトに、日本語版と英語版を新たに加えた。

　国際社会での宣伝を強化する狙いがあるとみられる。

　日本語版では、「中国政府の基本的主張」として「日本人が釣魚島をいわゆる『発見』する以前に、中国は釣魚島及びその付属島しょに対して、すでに数百年にわたって管轄を実施してきた」などとしている。

　菅官房長官は４日の記者会見で、在中国の日本大使館を通じて中国外務省に厳重抗議し、削除を求めたことを明らかにした。

　菅氏は、中国側の主張について、「事実関係を歪曲(わいきょく)し、独自の主張を改めて述べている。日本政府として受け入れられる内容ではない」と強調した。

　日本政府は、昨年末に中国語でウェブサイトが開設された際にも、厳重抗議している。

(試譯文)

On the 4^th (March) the "National Maritime Information Center" which was under the direct control of the China’s State Oceanographic Office, by adding new Japanese and English versions to its Chinese website that was set up in the end of last year, within the country and abroad, insisted on its "sovereignty" claim over the Senkaku Islands (China named it the Fishing Island) that was located in the Okinawa prefecture.

  It could be thought that the aim was to strengthen its propaganda towards the international society.

  In the Japanese edition it assumed the "basic stance of the Chinese government" that "before Japan’s so-called “discovery” of the Senkaku Islands, Chinese were already doing fishing there, and controlled this and other related islands for hundreds of years".

On the 4th Kan the Chief Secretary in a press conference made it clear that he had strongly protested to the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs through the Japanese Embassy inside China and asked for the elimination of these sites.

  About the insistence made by the Chinese side, Mr. Kan stressed that "it distorts the relationship of facts, and repeats its one-sided usual stance. The contents are not acceptable to the Japanese Government".

  When the Chinese website was set up in the end of last year, Japanese Government had protested strongly.

So China is using the websites to promote its political stance over the Senkaku Islands.