李總理得知“熱買”，激勵中國公司“提高技術能力吧”

Last month the Asahi News on-line reported the following:

「爆買い」受け李首相、中国企業に発破「技術力上げよ」

北京＝金順姫、斎藤徳彦

2015年3月5日23時54分

　消費者が飛行機代を節約できるように、洗浄便座などをつくる技術力アップを――。中国の李克強（リーコーチアン）首相は４日、中国人旅行者が日本で洗浄便座や炊飯器などを大量に購入する「爆買い」と呼ばれる現象を受け、国内企業に発破をかけた。中国メディアが伝えた。

　全人代に先立って開幕した全国政治協商会議（政協）で、李首相が経済人らの会合に出た際に述べた。

　全人代の直前の春節（旧正月）期間中に訪日した中国人客が家電製品などを大量購入する様子は、中国でも大きく報じられた。

　全人代の広東省代表でもある大手家電メーカー・格力集団の董明珠会長が「中国企業の品質だって劣っていないのに、一部の企業のせいで信頼が損なわれている」と発言するなど、波紋を巻き起こしていた。（北京＝金順姫、斎藤徳彦）

(試譯文)

To make washing toilet seat with better technical ability so that consumers could save the airplane expenses: China’s Li Keqiang prime minister on the 4th (March) made this urge to domestic enterprises after noting the so called "buying spree" phenomenon that Chinese travelers bought washing toilet seats and rice cookers from Japan in large quantities. This was reported in the Chinese media.

 Prime Minister Li said this in a National Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) meeting held for business people took place before the opening of the National People's Congress.

 There was a situation that Chinese visitors visited Japan during spring festival (Lunar New Year), a period just before the National People's Congress was held, and brought home electronics in large quantities: this was being widely reported in China.

 Chairperson Dong Mingzhu of the Gree Electrics Appliances Inc., a major household electric appliance manufacturer, who was also the Guangdong province representative in the National People's Congress remarked that "although the quality of the Chinese enterprise is not bad, the confidence in them was damaged by the behavior of some enterprises", creating some ripples.

I think it would take time for the enterprises in China to regain the confidence from consumers.

“鼻濁音”下個世紀幾乎消失？一些地區原來也沒用它...

Last month the Asahi News on-line reported the following:

「鼻濁音」来世紀ほぼ消滅？　もともと使わない地域も…

白石明彦

2015年3月5日07時53分

　日本語で優しく響く発音とされるガ行の「鼻濁音（びだくおん）」を日常生活で使う人は５人に１人しかおらず、全国的に著しく衰退しつつあることが、国立国語研究所の調査でわかった。来世紀には東北地方でわずかに残るだけとなり、それ以外の地域は消滅する可能性が高いという。

　ガギグゲゴには通常の濁音と、息を鼻に抜いてやわらかく発音する鼻濁音がある。たとえば「学校」のガは通常の濁音で、「鏡」のガは鼻濁音で発音する。特にアナウンサーの場合、鼻濁音の発音は欠かせない。ただし、もともと鼻濁音を使わない地域も多い。

　ノートルダム清心女子大の尾崎喜光教授（社会言語学）は２０１０年まで在籍した国語研で０９年３月、全国の成人８０３人を対象に「国民の言語使用と言語意識に関する全国調査」を行い、発音の実態を調べた。この種の全国調査では初めて調査員が回答者の声をＩＣレコーダーで録音し、尾崎さんが分析した。

(試譯文)

   There was only one person in every five who in their daily life used the "nasal consonant" for the “Ga line” syllables that made the Japanese pronunciation more gently: in an investigation, a remarkable decline nationwide was found out by the National Institute for Japanese Language. It was said that in the next century "nasal consonant" could only exit sparingly in a few Northeast districts, outside these areas the possibility was high that it would become extinct.

   For Ga/Gi/Gu/Ge/Go as a regular consonant, a nasal consonant could be created by stopping the nose from breathing, thereby softening the pronunciation. For example the Ga sound in “Gakko” (school), it was a normal consonant while the ga in “Megane” (mirror) could generate a nasal consonant sound. In particular in a situation for an announcer, the pronunciation of the nasal consonant was a must. But there were also many areas where nasal consonant was not used at the outset.

    Prof. Ozaki Yoshimitsu of the Norte Dame Seishin University (Sociolinguistics), who had enrolled at the National Institute for Japanese Language until 2010, did a "Country-wide investigation on national linguistic usage and linguistic awareness"  that targeted at 803 adults in the whole country in March 2009 by looking at the actual pronunciation. For this kind of country-wide investigation, it was the first time that researchers recorded the respondent's voice by an IC recorder, followed by an analysis done by Mr. Ozaki.

As a student of Japanese Language I am interested in knowing the findings of this research.

世界衛生組織：宣布了新的6匙糖指引

Last month the Mainichi News on-line reported the following:

ＷＨＯ:糖類はスプーン６杯まで　新指針を発表

毎日新聞　2015年03月04日　23時17分

　世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）は４日、肥満や虫歯防止のため、砂糖などの糖類の１日当たり摂取量を総エネルギー摂取量の５％未満に抑えるのが望ましいとの新たな指針を正式に発表した。平均的な大人の場合、「５％」は砂糖約２５グラム、ティースプーンでおよそ６杯分に相当するという。

　ＷＨＯは昨年３月、ほぼ同様の指針案を発表。その後、一般市民らから幅広く意見を聞いた結果、正式に指針として発表することになった。

　指針は、１０％未満に抑えることを「強く勧告する」とした上で、さらに可能であれば５％未満に抑えることで「より健康に良い効果が得られる」とした。（共同）

(試譯文)

For the purpose of preventing overweight and cavity, on the 4th (March) the World Health Organization (WHO) formally released a new guideline hoping to reduce the intake of saccharides such as sugar to less than 5 % out of the overall energy intake per day. It was said that in case of an average adult, "5%" was equivalent to about 25 grams of sugar, approximately 6 tea-spoon servings.

 WHO in March last year announced a very similar guideline proposal. After that because opinion was heard widely from the general public, so it was announced as a guideline formally.

 The guideline, on top of to "strongly recommend" to lower sugar to less than 10 %, supposed that if possible to reduce it to less than 5 % so as to "obtain a better effect on health improvement".

I think for many people, especially those who love sweets, to restrict their sugar consumption to 6 tea spoons a day is quite a challenge.

機械人開始銷售, 首先出售給軟件開發商

A few weeks ago the NHK News on-line reported the following:

人型ロボット販売開始 まずはソフト開発者向け

2月27日 18時04分

大手通信会社のソフトバンクは、みずから開発した会話ができる人型ロボットの活用を広げようと、ソフト開発の専門家向けにロボットの販売を始めました。

この人型ロボットはカメラやマイクを備え、人の表情や声のトーンから感情を読み取り会話ができるほか、インターネットで人工知能につながっており、効率よく学習することもできるということです。
ソフトバンクではロボットの活用を広げるために、２７日、一般向けに先行してソフト開発の専門家向けに販売を始めました。インターネットと店舗で３００台限定で発売しましたが、受付開始直後にすべて売り切れたということです。
この会社ではロボットにダウンロードするアプリと呼ばれる専用のソフトを開発してもらい、ゲームなどの娯楽だけではなく、介護や接客などさまざまな機能を加えたいとしていて、６月以降に家庭など一般向けに売り出すことにしています。大阪のＩＴ企業の担当者は「学校など教育現場でロボットを活用できないか興味があるので、購入して可能性を探っていきたい」と話していました。
ソフトバンクロボティクスの林要室長は「自由にアプリを作ってもらうことでロボットの使い方に広がりが出るので、われわれの想像を超えるような機能が出てくることを期待したい」と話していました。

(試譯文)

SoftBank, a major communication company, wanted to expand the usage of humanoid robots developed by them which could do conversations; the robot sales towards software development specialists had begun.

This humanoid robot was equipped with a camera and a microphone. It performed conversation by reading the feeling from the tone of a person's expression and voice, and was connected to artificial intelligence by the Internet. It was said that it was possible for it to learn efficiently.

For SoftBank, in order to expand the usage of robots, on the 27^th (February) before opening them to the public had started sales aiming at software development specialists. There hundred robots limited sale was made at stores and in the Internet, and it was said that all were sold out just after the ordering was started.

The company asked for the development of exclusive software the so called Apps, and to download it into the robot. On top of entertainment and games, it was supposed that various functions such as nursing and reception could be added. After June, sales would be open to family homes etc. in general. Someone in charge of an IT enterprise in Osaka was saying that "I am interested in knowing whether schools can use a robot in the field of education, and would like to look into the possibility of buying one".

Kaname Hayashi the general manager of SoftBank Robotics was saying that "it is possible to freely create Apps; as the ways in using robots could be seen spreading, I am expecting different functions that exceed our imagination could come out".

   It seems that SoftBank is taking the lead in marketing their robots.

中國勞動力成本“升三倍以上”TDK在秋田建兩工場

A few weeks ago the Yomiuri News on-line reported the following:

中国の人件費「３倍以上に」ＴＤＫ秋田に２工場

2015年02月28日 16時19分

　電子部品大手ＴＤＫ（東京都）は２６日、秋田県由利本荘、にかほ市の２か所に約２５０億円をかけて新工場を建設すると発表した。

　スマートフォンや自動車向けの電子部品の需要が世界的に伸びる中、円安や中国の人件費の高騰などを背景に、戦略的生産拠点を国内に構えることにした。災害リスクの回避で生産体制を分散する企業もあり、秋田県内への進出計画が相次いでいる。

　ＴＤＫによると、新工場は由利本荘市万願寺の本荘工場と、にかほ市象潟町の稲倉工場の敷地内に建設する。本荘の新工場は鉄骨２階、延べ５万平方メートル。高周波部品や電子部品を開発、製造する。稲倉の新工場は鉄骨一部２階、延べ１万５０００平方メートルで、主に磁性材料のフェライトなどを生産する。いずれも今年７月に着工の予定で、来年末の操業開始を目指している。

　これに伴い、同社は両工場を「秋田地区の電子部品生産を集中的、効率的に行う戦略的な生産拠点」と位置づけ、高い技術力や開発力を備えたマザー工場に育てる考えだ。製造ラインはロボットなどで自動化されるとみられ、当面、新規雇用の予定はないものの、「マザー工場化に伴い、生産技術や製品の開発に必要な人材は採用していきたい」（本社広報グループ）という。

　新工場建設の背景には、アベノミクスで円安が定着し、国内生産の方が低コストになったことや、「過去１０年間で３倍以上に跳ね上がった」（日中経済協会調べ）とされる中国の人件費などが指摘されている。

(試譯文)

 TDK (Tokyo capital), a major electronic component company, announced on the 26^th (February) the construction of new factories in locations in Nikaho city and Yuri Honjo of Akita prefecture at about 25,000 million yen.

   As the demand for smart phones and electronic components in cars had increased worldwide, it decided to keep a strategic production base in the country against the background of a cheaper yen and the soaring of personnel expenses in China. In order to avoid risking mishaps, the enterprise would scatter its production system and the plans to advance into Akita prefecture were in succession.

   According to TDK, one factory would be constructed at the site of the Honjo factory in Manganji of Yurihonjo city, the other one would be at the Shinagura factory site at Nikaho city of the Kisakata district. The new factory in Honjo would have a two-floor steel frame and 50,000 square meters in total. High frequency parts and electronic components would be developed and produced. Regarding the new factory in Shinagura, in a portion on the 2nd floor of a steel frame with 15,000 square meters, it would mainly produce magnetic ferrite materials. Both were planned to start construction in July this year, aiming at starting operations by the end of next year.

   With this, the said company had the idea to position the two factories to "centralize electronic component production in Akita area, and to make it a strategic production base to produce efficiently"; and to consider developing it as a mother factory with high technical ability and development power. A manufacturing line automated by robots was being considered, and there were no schedules on new jobs for the time being. But it (headquarters public relations group) said that "while turning it into a mother factory, we would like to employ the necessary talent on production technique and products development".

   Regarding the background on new factories construction, a fall in yen value kicked in by the Abenomics, domestic production became low in cost, and the personnel expenses in China "had soared more than 3 times in the past 10 years" (Japan-China Economic Association survey) were pointed out.

The observation that personnel expenses in China had "soared more than 3 times in the past 10 years" is shocking.

茶葉苦澀成份能強化骨質......是預防骨質疏鬆症的方向

A few weeks ago the Yomiuri News on-line reported the following:

紅茶の苦みで骨強く…骨粗しょう症予防薬に道

2015年02月24日 17時00分

　紅茶に含まれる苦み成分に、骨が壊れるのを抑える働きがあることをマウスの実験で確認したと、大阪大などの研究チームが発表した。

　「骨粗しょう症の予防薬開発につなげたい」としている。論文が、２４日の科学誌ネイチャーメディシン電子版に掲載された。

　骨には、カルシウムでできた硬い組織を作る「骨芽細胞」と古くなった組織を壊す「破骨細胞」があり、バランスを取って骨の強度を保っている。年を取ってバランスが崩れると、骨粗しょう症が起きる。

　大阪大の石井優教授と西川恵三助教らが、破骨細胞が過剰になった骨粗しょう症のマウスに、紅茶の苦みや赤い色の成分に含まれる物質（ポリフェノール）を３日に１回ずつ注射したところ、３週間後には破骨細胞が減り、骨の強度もほぼ正常になった。ただ、１回分の投与量を体重６０キロの人がまかなうには、紅茶を一度に６０杯飲む必要があり、ふつうに飲んでも改善は見込めそうもないという。西川助教は「ポリフェノールをもとに薬やサプリメントを開発すれば、骨粗しょう症予防に効果が見込める」と話している。

(試譯文)

A research team from the Osaka University announced that by an experiment on mice they confirmed that the bitterness ingredient included in tea was working towards reducing bones breaking.

 Supposedly they wanted to "link it to the preventive medication development on osteoporosis". A thesis had appeared in a science magazine the Nature Medicine electronic edition on the 24th (February).

 In the bone, there was the "Osteoblast" by which hard tissues made of calcium were made and the "Osteoclast" which broke down the bones when they aged. When a balance was maintained, the strength of bones could be maintained. When one aged and lost its balance, osteoporosis occurred.

Yu Ishii the Professor from the Osaka University together with Assistant Professor Nishikawa Keizo and others once every 3 days injected a substance that formed the bitterness of tea and the red color component (polyphenol) to a mouse with osteoporosis caused by excessive osteoclast. Three weeks later the osteoclast was reduced, and most of the bones recovered normal strength too. However, it was necessary to serve 60 cups of tea in total for a person of 60 kilometers in weight in one prescription. It was said that they did not think improvements could be expected in ordinarily drinking. Assistant Professor Nishikawa Keizo said that "if medication or supplement based on the polyphenol is further developed, osteoporosis prevention effects can be expected".

It seems that apart from taking calcium as a supplement, some ingredients in tea may also be useful in reducing bone breaking. 

中國銀行有高水平不良貸款比率

A few weeks ago the NHK News on-line reported the following:

中国 銀行の不良債権比率が高水準に

2月14日 8時38分

中国政府は、国内の景気が減速するなか、銀行の不良債権比率が去年末の時点で１．２５％となり、年ごとの統計では５年ぶりの高い水準になったことを明らかにしました。

中国の銀行監督当局によりますと、国内の銀行が保有する不良債権の総額は去年末の時点で８４２６億人民元、日本円で１６兆円余りで、１年前と比べて４２％増えました。この結果、銀行の貸し出しに占める不良債権の割合、不良債権比率は去年末時点で１．２５％となり、１年前と比べて０．２５ポイント上昇したということです。
上昇幅は、過去１０年で最も大きく、不良債権比率は年ごとの統計では５年ぶりの高い水準になりました。
これは、中国経済が減速するなか、製造業など、銀行の融資先である企業の経営が厳しさを増しているためだとみられています。
中国政府は、「銀行業界は全体としてリスクに対応する力が比較的強い」と説明しています。
ただ、金融関係者の間では、中国政府が公表する不良債権は日本などと比べて審査基準が甘く実際の比率はこの数倍に上るのではないかという指摘も出ていて、中国政府は、景気の先行きに不透明感が出る中難しいかじ取りを迫られています。

(試譯文)

The Chinese government made clear that, as domestic business condition was slowing down, the bad loan ratio of banks was 1.25% at the end of last year, being a high standard in 5 years by the yearly statistics.

According to the Chinese banks supervising authority the total amount of bad assets possessed by domestic banks was 842,600 million Chinese dollars, about 16,000,000 million yen, being an increase of 42 % compared with the previous year. As a result of the bad assets ratio in lending, the bank bad assets as of the end of last year become 1.25%, being an increase of 0.25 points compared with a year ago.

The level of increase was the highest in the past 10 years. The bad loan ratio was at a high level in 5 years by the yearly statistics.

That is, amid the slowing down of the Chinese economy, in manufacturing etc, it was seen as adding challenges to the management of companies who were borrowers of banks.

The Chinese government was explaining that "the banking business circle as a whole is relatively strong in their power to respond to the risk".

However, among the financial people concerned, it was pointed out that compared with Japan etc. China’s screening standard was not tight, the actual bad assets ratio should be several times higher then that published by the Chinese government. The Chinese government was forced into a difficult steering as uncertainties had appeared in the future of its economy.

Hopefully the banks in China could handle the situation smoothly.

葉，為什麼薄而堅韌？京都大學解釋結構

A few weeks ago the Asahi News on-line reported the following:

葉っぱ、薄いのになぜ丈夫？　京大が構造を解明

阿部彰芳

2015年2月14日09時46分

　植物の葉っぱは薄いのになぜ丈夫なのか？　その理由は、飛行機の翼などと同じ構造にあることを、京都大などのグループが確かめた。英専門誌に１２日発表した。

　地上に生い茂っている植物の葉は、表皮が内部組織（葉肉）を挟み込む構造になっているが、二つの堅さの違いは不明だった。

　京大の小野田雄介助教（植物生態学）らは、葉に力を加えた際の弾力を元に表皮や葉肉の堅さを測る手法を考案。シロイヌナズナやアオキなど３６種類の草木を調べたところ、どの葉も表皮より葉肉の方が柔らかいことがわかった。表皮は、アサガオなど落葉する草と比べ、ツバキなどの常緑樹が約５倍堅かった。

　堅い表面が柔らかい内部を挟む構造は「サンドイッチ構造」と呼ばれる。効率的に強度を高められるため、飛行機の翼など先端工学にも使われている。

　小野田さんは「植物にとって、軽量で葉の面積を広げる最適な構造。新素材の開発にも応用できるのではないか」と話している。（阿部彰芳）

(試譯文)

Why the leaf of vegetation although thin was strong? A group from the Kyoto University confirmed that it was for a reason that an airplane’s wing was using the same structure. It was announced in a British specialized magazine on the 12th (February).

The leaf of vegetation had a widespread growth on the ground; regarding the epidermis which was wrapping the internal structural organization (mesophyll), the difference in firmness of the two was unclear.

  Onoda Yusuke the assistant professor (Plant ecology) and others of the Kyoto University contrived a method to measure both the firmness of the epidermis and the mesophyll based on their elasticity when a force was applied to them. Arabidopsis and Japanese laurel etc. 36 kinds of vegetation were checked to find out in what leaf the mesophyll was softer than the epidermis. For the epidermis, compared to the deciduous grass such as morning glory, the evergreen plants such as camellia was about five times stiffer.

  The firm surface structure surrounding the soft interior was called "sandwiched structure". The wing of an airplane etc. advanced engineering were also using this structure because strength could be raised effectively.

  Mr. Onoda was saying that “for a plant, the most suitable structure in leaf is to have large surface area yet light-weight; may be it can also be applied to the development of new materials".

It is an interesting finding that could help the design in building materials etc.

膽固醇“不用擔心摂取過量”....美國諮詢委員会報告

A few weeks ago the Yomiuri News on-line reported the following:

コレステロール「過剰摂取心配ない」…米報告書

2015年02月23日 19時21分

　【ワシントン＝中島達雄】とり過ぎると健康によくないとされてきた食品のコレステロールについて、米政府の諮問委員会は「過剰摂取を心配する必要はない」とする報告書をまとめた。

　米政府は今年中に食生活指針を改定するが、１日３００ミリ・グラム以下という摂取量の目安が撤廃される可能性がある。

　これまで、卵やエビなどコレステロールが多いものを食べ過ぎると、血中のコレステロールが増えて動脈硬化を引き起こし、心筋梗塞や脳卒中などの病気につながるとされてきた。

　しかし、米保健福祉省と農務省の食生活指針諮問委員会が、コレステロール摂取量と血中コレステロールの関係を調べたところ、両者の関連性を示す証拠はなかったという。

　日本では、厚生労働省が昨年３月にまとめた食事摂取基準の２０１５年版から、生活習慣病予防のためのコレステロール摂取の目標量を廃止している。

　寺本民生・帝京大臨床研究センター長は「摂取量が血中コレステロール値に与える影響には個人差がある。摂取量に一律の基準を設ける必要はなく、血中の値が高い人は個別に医師から指導を受けるのが望ましい」としている。

(試譯文)

   On the perception that it was no good for health to in-take too much cholesterol through food consumption, an advisory Committee of the U.S. government gathered a report which supposed that "there is no need to worry about excessive absorption".

   The U.S. government would revise the dietary guidelines within this year and there was a possibility that the rule of thumb of taking 300 millimeters gram and below a day would be abolished.

   The present understanding was that when egg and shrimp, something with a lot of cholesterol, were eaten too much, it would increase cholesterol in the blood and cause arteriosclerosis, and would lead to sickness of myocardial infarction and apoplexy.

   The Health and Welfare Ministry of the US, together with the Advisory Committee on Dietary Guidelines under the Department of Agriculture, having checked the relation between cholesterol in-take and cholesterol in blood said that there was no evidence to indicate a relationship.

    In Japan the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare deleted the target amount of cholesterol absorption for common disease prevention from the 2015 edition of meal absorption standard compiled in March last year. 

  Tamio Teramoto, the head of the Teikyo University Clinical Research Center said that "the influence on blood cholesterol level caused by the in-take is individually different. There is no need to set up a uniform standard on in-take, and it is desirable that a person with a high level in blood to seek guidance from a doctor individually".

It is interesting to note the suggestion that there is no relationship between cholesterol in-take from food and the cholesterol level in blood.

中國央行減息

A few weeks ago the NHK News on-line reported the following:

中国の中央銀行 また利下げ

2月28日 19時50分

中国の中央銀行「中国人民銀行」は、３月１日から金融機関の貸し出しと預金の基準金利をそれぞれ０．２５％引き下げると発表しました。
引き下げは去年１１月に続くもので、中国経済が減速するなか、景気を下支えする姿勢を一段と強めるねらいがあるとみられます。

中国人民銀行は２８日夜、金融機関が資金を貸し出す際の基準金利を今の年５．６％から０．２５％引き下げて年５．３５％に、また預金の基準金利を今の年２．７５％から０．２５％引き下げて年２．５％にすると発表しました。
引き下げはおよそ２年４か月ぶりとなった去年１１月に続くもので、３月１日から行われます。
中国は、住宅市況の低迷などを背景に不動産投資や生産が伸び悩み、輸入額が３か月連続で前の年を下回るなど、内需が力強さを欠いています。
加えて、１月の消費者物価指数の上昇率が前の年の同じ月に比べて５年２か月ぶりに１％を割り込むなど、物価の下押し圧力も強く、景気が減速しています。
中国人民銀行は、２月５日には金融機関の預金準備率もおよそ２年９か月ぶりに引き下げていて、やつぎばやに金融緩和を進める背景には、中国経済のさらなる下振れを防ぎ、景気を下支えする姿勢を一段と強めるねらいがあるとみられます。

(試譯文)

China's central bank the "People's Bank of China" announced that it would reduce respectively the basic money lending rate and the financial institution deposit rate by 0.25 % starting from March 1.

It was a continuing reduction since November last year. It could be thought that there was an aim to strengthen the slowing down Chinese economy, and a posture to further support the business.

It was announced on the evening of the 28th (February) that the People's Bank of China would reduce the basic money rate of 5.6 % a year now by 0.25 % to 5.35 % when a financial institution lent out funds, and also to reduce depositor's basic money rate of 2.75 % year now by 0.25 % to 2.5 %.

Reduction had been stopped for approximately 2 years 4 months and was re-introduced again in November last year, and continued to be performed again starting from March 1st.

In China against the background of a stagnate real estate etc., investment in the real estate and in production were sluggish; import records continued to fall below the previous year for 3 months, domestic demand was lacking the force.

Further, the rate of increase in consumer price index in January fell below 1% in 5 years and 2 months when compared with the same month the previous year. There was a huge downward pressure on price and the business was slowing down.

For the People's Bank of China, on February 5th after 2 years and 9 months, reserve requirement ratio of a financial institution was also reduced. Against the background of proceeding with the monetary easing in rapid successions, it was thought that there was an aim to strengthen a posture in stopping the further slowing down of the Chinese economy.

I hope the economic situation in China would be stabilized.