The HK Museum of Coastal Defence (香港海防博物館)

The Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence is located at the Shau Kei Wan. In 1880s, it was the location where the British constructed batteries to defend itself against possible attacks from France and Russia. Now as a museum, it has many exhibition rooms and eleven galleries. To me the most interesting display is in Gallery number 3 which tells the story of the First Opium War (1839-42). There is a rich display of related artifacts, among them a letter written by Chi-ying (Qiying) in 1845 to the then Governor of Hong Kong Sir John Francis Davis. Chi-ying was one of the officials to represent Qing in the conclusion of the Treaty of Nanking that ended the First Opium War. This treaty contains 13 articles, including granting to England cession of the island of Hong Kong, and the opening of five ports - Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai to foreign trade. Some historians have blamed Chi-ying for concluding treaties with foreigners which had since been such a burden to China. Chi-ying had served in the Court for 52 years under three Emperors. He was sentenced to death in 1858 in connection with treaty negotiation matters. The charges included: disobedience; trying to shift responsibilities to others; and leaving his post without reason and permission.