《永遠只有一個珍古德》（2/2）

 Recently the New York Times reported the following:

‘There Will Always Only Be One Jane Goodall’ (2/2)

Scientists reflect on the life and work of a researcher whose discoveries made them rethink what it means to be human.

NYT -By Carl Zimmer and Emily Anthes

Oct. 1, 2025

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Dr. Crockford and other researchers have also confirmed that chimpanzees communicate with a wealth of calls and gestures. Their work has recently raised the possibility that some of the fundamental parts of language might have been present in the common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans.

Jill Pruetz, a primatologist at Texas State University, said that Dr. Goodall’s observation of chimpanzees making tools stands as one of the most important discoveries about animal behavior ever made. “It caused us to re-examine our own species and to rethink the way that we consider and treat other animals,” she said.

Researchers have since discovered that chimpanzees are even more versatile at making tools than Dr. Goodall realized. Dr. Pruetz, for example, observed chimpanzees in West Africa fashioning spears, which they used to stab monkeys. These findings showed that chimpanzees are not hard-wired to make certain tools; instead, they develop toolmaking cultures. Dr. Goodall did not realize it at the time, but at Gombe she had discovered only one chimpanzee culture among many.

As a scientist, Dr. Goodall’s work extended far beyond human evolution, even to the study of pandemics. She collaborated with Beatrice Hahn, a virologist at the University of Pennsylvania, to document H.I.V.-like viruses in the chimpanzees at Gombe.

Dr. Hahn said the detailed records that Dr. Goodall amassed of the chimpanzees — charting their families and interactions — made it possible to track the spread of simian immunodeficiency virus through the chimpanzees. The records also revealed that S.I.V. harmed the health and fertility of the chimpanzees.

In later years, Dr. Hahn built on her initial collaboration with Dr. Goodall at Gombe to show that H.I.V. originally evolved from S.I.V. in chimpanzees, jumping the species barrier through bush meat hunting.

“Jane’s willingness to collaborate was critical for the success of all our work,” Dr. Hahn said. “She was a true scientist.”

Dr. Goodall did not sugarcoat the lives of chimpanzees. She saw them commit grave acts of violence, including infanticide. And yet she also saw them as individuals with rich lives.

Indeed, what set Dr. Goodall apart was her “deep empathy” for both animals and humans and her ability to connect with people around the world, said Joe Walston, the executive vice president for global conservation at the Wildlife Conservation Society.

In numerous books, documentaries, interviews and speaking engagements, Dr. Goodall spoke out about the need to protect the world’s wild animals and their habitats. She was “driven by an uncompromising desire to be able to protect that which she was studying,” Mr. Walston said.

The Jane Goodall Institute, which she founded in 1977, now funds scientific research and conservation projects around the world. It also runs Roots & Shoots, a global program that helps young people around the world lead conservation and humanitarian projects in their communities.

“She was so good with young people,” said Jeanne McCarty, who previously led Roots & Shoots and traveled with Dr. Goodall. “She kept her own curiosity and energy and enthusiasm that we all have as children and sometimes lose. I never saw her lose that.”

Translation

《永遠只有一個珍古德》（2/2）

科學家回顧了一位研究人員的生平和工作，她的發現讓他們重新思考了身為人類的意義。

（繼續）

Crockford博士和其他研究人員也證實，黑猩猩透過豐富的叫聲和手勢來溝通。他們的研究最近提出了一個可能性：語言的一些基本組成部分可能存在於黑猩猩和人類的共同祖先身上。

德州州立大學的靈長類動物學家Jill Pruetz 表示，古德博士對黑猩猩製造工具的觀察是迄今為止關於動物行為的最重要發現之一。 她說: 「它促使我們重新審視我們自己的物種，並重新思考我們看待和對待其他動物的方式」。

研究人員後來發現，黑猩猩製作工具的能力遠遠超過古德博士的想像。例如，Pruetz,博士觀察到西非的黑猩猩會製作長矛，並用它們刺殺猴子。這些發現表明，黑猩猩並非天生就擅長製作某些工具；相反，它們發展出了製作工具的文化。古德博士當時並沒有意識到這一點，但她在Gombe只發現了眾多黑猩猩文化中的一種。

身為科學家，古德博士的工作遠不止人類演化，甚至延伸到了流行病研究。她與賓州大學的病毒學家 Beatrice Hahn 合作，記錄了Gombe黑猩猩體內的類愛滋病毒。

Hahn博士表示，古德博士收集的關於黑猩猩的詳細記錄 - 記錄了它們的家族和互動 - 使得可以追蹤猿猴免疫缺陷病毒在黑猩猩中的傳播。記錄還顯示，S.I.V. 損害了黑猩猩的健康和生育能力。

多年之後，Hahn博士在Gombe與古德博士的初步合作基礎上，進一步證明了愛滋病毒最初是由黑猩猩體內的 S.I.V. 進化而來的，並透過叢林獵食肉類而跨越了物種屏障。

哈恩博士說: 「珍的合作意願對我們所有工作的成功至關重要」; 「她是一位真正的科學家」。

古德博士沒有粉飾黑猩猩的生活。她親眼目睹了它們所犯下的嚴重暴力行為，包括殺嬰。但她也將它們視為擁有富裕生活的個體。

事實上，野生動物保護協會全球保護執行副總裁Joe Walston表示，古德博士的與眾不同之處在於她對動物和人類的 “'深度共鳴” ，以及她與世界各地人們溝通的能力。

古德博士在眾多書籍、紀錄片、訪談和演講中，都曾大聲疾呼保護世界野生動物及其棲息地的必要性。Walston 先生說，她「被一種堅定不移的願望所驅使，那就是保護她所研究的動物」。

她於1977年創立的珍古德研究所，目前正資助世界各地的科學研究和保育計劃。該研究所還經營「根與芽」項目，這是一個全球性項目，旨在幫助世界各地的年輕人在各自的社區領導保育和人道主義項目。

曾領導「根與芽」並陪同古德博士旅行的 Jeanne McCarty說道: 「她非常善於與年輕人相處」。 「她保持著我們兒時都有的好奇心、活力和熱情，這些有時會消失。但我從未見過她失去這些」。

       So, Dr. Jane Goodall began her work at Gombe Stream Research Center in 1960. The chimpanzees there grew accustomed to her presence, and thus enabled her to closely observed their activities. She noticed that one male chimpanzee deliberately broke off a stalk of grass and slipped it into a termite mound to fish for insects. Later, she saw other chimpanzees used tools as well. As tools making seemed like a hallmark of humans and far beyond the ability of a mere ape, scientists therefore had to redefine what was ‘tool' and ‘man’. In later years Dr. Goodall shared her observations both in scientific papers and in hugely popular books and supported scientific research and conservation projects around the world. Apparently, she was a true scientist.