米中貿易摩擦 日本メーカーが生産体制見直しも
2018年9月24日 15時18分
輸入品に高い関税をかけ合うアメリカと中国の対立を受けて、日本の大手メーカーの一部には生産体制を見直すなどの動きも出てきています。
トランプ政権が発動を発表した第３弾となる制裁措置を受けて「ヤマハ発動機」は、対象になった中国で生産しているゴルフカートのエンジンなどの輸出を増やしていて、制裁の発動前にアメリカの組み立て工場の在庫を積み増しています。
このほか、これまでの制裁措置を受けた動きとしては大手建設機械メーカーの「コマツ」が、中国で生産していたショベルカーなどの建設機械の部品の一部を先月から日本とメキシコに移しました。
大手電機メーカーの「三菱電機」は、レーザー加工機などの工作機械を中国の大連で生産していましたが、先月、名古屋市にある工場に生産を移しました。
機械メーカーの「東芝機械」は中国からアメリカ向けに輸出しているプラスチック部品を作る機械の生産を来月から静岡県沼津市とタイの工場に移すことを決めました。
一方で、事態を静観しているメーカーも多くあります。中国やアメリカに工場がある「トヨタ自動車」や「日産自動車」、それに「ホンダ」や「マツダ」の自動車メーカー各社は、車の生産や部品の調達の現地化を進めていて、生産をほかの国に移す対応は検討していないとしています。
半導体大手の「ルネサスエレクトロニクス」は製品の一部を中国の工場からアメリカに輸出していますが、売り上げの１％程度にとどまることから、当面は状況を静観することにしています。
中国でカーラジオ用のチューナーやパソコン用のブルーレイディスクの機器などを生産している「パイオニア」も、アメリカ向けの売り上げの規模は小さいとして具体的な対応は決めていません。ただ、米中の今後の対立によっては生産体制の見直しを検討するとしています。
Translation
After
noting confrontations between China and the United States which high customs import
duties were discussed, Japanese major manufacturers had a new appreciation on some of
their production systems and moves had also come to light.
After noting the sanction which became the 3rd wave of imposition by the Trump
government was announced, "Yamaha Motor" was increasing its export of
golf carts that used engines produced in China which had been made the target
of sanction; it also increased its stock in American assembly factories before
the start of the sanction.
On top of
that "Komatsu", a major construction machine manufacturer, had relocated some of their machine parts produced in China for the making of machines such
as shovel car etc. to Japan and Mexico starting from last month as a move after
noting the sanction so far.
"Mitsubishi
Electric" as a major electric appliance manufacturer in Dalian of China that was producing
machine tools for laser machines had moved its production to
a factory in Nagoya-shi last month.
"Toshiba
Machine", a mechanical manufacturer which exported plastics components to
the United States had decided from next month to move the mechanical production
from China to Numazu-shi in Shizuoka, and also to their Thai factory.
On the
other hand there were also a lot of manufacturers calmly watching the
situation: "Toyota Motor" and "Nissan Motor", which had factories in both China and United States; and also automobile companies "Honda" and "Mazda" which were advancing the localization the
production of cars and the supply of parts. It was assumed that these factories
were not considering moving their production to other countries.
"Renesas
Electronics" was a major semiconductor company which exported some of their
products from a Chinese factory to the United States; but because their export
stayed at about 1 % of total sales, at present it calmly watched the situation.
"Pioneer"
was producing in China tuners for car radios and blue-ray disc components for
PCs; as their sales to the United States were small, it had not decided on
making a response. However, it was assumed that they would review their production
systems based on further China-U.S. confrontation.
So, some of the Japanese manufactures
were making movements in response to the China-U.S. trade war that was played out so
far.
